Extent and impact of distal ash fallout from the May 2008 eruption of Chaiten, Chile.

2008 年 5 月智利柴滕火山喷发造成的远端火山灰沉降的范围和影响。

• 批准号: NE/G001715/1
• 负责人: David Pyle
• 金额: $ 3.08万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FG001715%2F1
• 关键词: Extent; impact; distal; ash; fallout

The current major explosive volcanic eruption in southern Chile presents an immediate opportunity for scientists to measure the impact of fine ash fallout during and after an eruption. We wish to use this opportunity to collect detailed measurements of the thickness and grainsize of ash which has fallen from Chaiten across a very large area of prime grazing land in southern Argentina. It is important that this work is carried out quickly - before the ash has been moved around on the ground by winds, and before the ash has been leached by rain water. Ash fallout is the major hazard from volcanic eruptions to humans, and their life-support systems (agriculture, transport, communications). Even only a thin deposit of ash can have a devastating effect on grazing animals, since they either refuse to eat ash-dusted grasses (and starve); or they consume the toxic salts deposited along with the ash (and die of fluorosis). At the moment, we so not have sufficiently sophisticated models of where fine ash ends up after eruptions - mainly because we do not have the measurements to test these models. Eruptions such as this, which are major explosive eruptions and which deposit fine ash across accessible land areas (rather than the sea), only happen about once in a decade or more. This is the first such opportunity since the major explosive eruptions of Pinatubo (Philippines) and Hudson (Chile) in 1991.

智利南部目前的大爆发火山喷发为科学家提供了一个直接的机会来测量喷发期间和喷发后的细微火山灰尘埃的影响。我们希望利用这个机会，详细测量从柴腾落在阿根廷南部一大片优质牧场上的火山灰的厚度和粒度。重要的是，这项工作必须迅速进行--在灰烬被风吹散在地上之前，在灰烬被雨水淋滤之前。火山灰尘埃是火山喷发对人类及其生命维持系统(农业、交通、通讯)造成的主要危险。即使只有很少的火山灰沉积也会对放牧动物造成毁灭性的影响，因为它们要么拒绝吃被火山灰覆盖的草(然后挨饿)；要么消耗与火山灰一起沉积的有毒盐(并死于氟中毒)。目前，我们还没有足够复杂的模型来研究喷发后细微火山灰的最终去向--主要是因为我们没有测试这些模型的测量方法。像这样的喷发是主要的爆炸性喷发，会在可到达的陆地地区(而不是海洋)沉积细小的火山灰，大约十年或更长时间才会发生一次。这是自1991年菲律宾皮纳图博和智利哈德逊大喷发以来的第一次这样的机会。

项目成果

Tephra stratigraphy and eruptive volume of the May, 2008, Chaitén eruption, Chile

2008 年 5 月智利 Chaitén 喷发的火山灰地层和喷发量

• DOI: 10.1007/s00445-010-0428-x
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Bulletin of Volcanology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Alfano F

Volcanic Ash

火山灰

• DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100405-0.00004-5
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Pyle D

Compositional variability in mafic arc magmas over short spatial and temporal scales: Evidence for the signature of mantle reactive melt channels

短时空尺度上镁铁质弧岩浆的成分变化：地幔反应性熔融通道特征的证据

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.056
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Rawson H

Element variations in rhyolitic magma resulting from gas transport

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.032
• 发表时间: 2013-11-15
• 期刊: GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Berlo, K.;Tuffen, H.;Geraki, K.
• 通讯作者: Geraki, K.