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The sedimentary dynamics of fine-grained rivers: a novel application of marine geophysics to develop new fluvial facies models

细粒河流的沉积动力学：海洋地球物理学开发新河流相模型的新应用

基本信息

批准号：
NE/I015876/1
负责人：
Gregory Sambrook Smith
金额：
$ 4.79万
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI015876%2F1
关键词：
sedimentary dynamics fine grained rivers

项目摘要

A lot is known about how rivers with sandy or gravelly beds operate and how these processes lead to characteristic depositional features such as point bars. By comparison, those dominated by finer-grained sediments are much less well understood. This is especially the case for their deposits, for example, as a result of this basic lack of knowledge it has been suggested that within channel fine-grained river sediments may have been incorrectly interpreted to be environments of overbank floodplain sedimentation. Thus very little is known about how the different building blocks of a fine-grained river are put together and what factors may control these building blocks. In short, the science of fine-grained rivers lags that of sandy/gravelly ones. This can be attributed in large part to the fact that the geophysical techniques that have revolutionised the study of sand and gravel bed rivers simply do not work in fine-grained ones. For example, for one of the most popular techniques, ground penetrating radar, the nature of the signal is so severely affected in fine grained environments that no data can be collected. This proposal seeks to address this shortcoming through the application of a geophysical technique more normally used in marine and deltaic settings. The parametric echosounder has proven capability to generate high-resolution data from fine-grained sediments. By application of a novel cross-over of technology the aim of this proposal is to use this technique in a river environment to generate the first large-scale, 3-D quantification of fine-grained river sedimentology. This is important because fines in ancient rocks will severely impact the ability of water and oil/gas to move. There are thus significant social (drinking water supply from aquifers) and economic (successful recovery of hydrocarbons) benefits from being able to understand fine-grained sediments fully so that they can be properly taken in to account in reservoir models.

关于具有桑迪或砾石床的河流如何运行以及这些过程如何导致典型的沉积特征（如点沙坝），我们已经了解了很多。相比之下，那些以细粒沉积物为主的沉积物却鲜为人知。对于它们的沉积物来说尤其如此，例如，由于这种基本知识的缺乏，有人认为，在河道内细粒河流沉积物可能被错误地解释为漫滩沉积环境。因此，关于细粒河流的不同组成部分如何组合在一起以及哪些因素可能控制这些组成部分，人们知之甚少。简而言之，细粒河流的科学研究滞后于桑迪/砾石河流。这在很大程度上可以归因于这样一个事实，即地球物理技术已经彻底改变了对砂和砾石床河流的研究，但在细粒河流中并不起作用。例如，对于最流行的技术之一，探地雷达，信号的性质在细粒度环境中受到严重影响，以至于无法收集数据。这项建议试图通过应用通常在海洋和三角洲环境中使用的地球物理技术来解决这一缺陷。参数回声测深仪已证明有能力从细粒沉积物中生成高分辨率数据。通过应用一种新的交叉技术，本提案的目的是在河流环境中使用这种技术，以产生第一个大规模的，3-D量化的细粒河流沉积学。这一点很重要，因为古代岩石中的细粒会严重影响水和石油/天然气的移动能力。因此，如果能够充分了解细粒沉积物，以便在储层模型中适当考虑到这些沉积物，将产生重大的社会（从含水层供应饮用水）和经济（成功回收碳氢化合物）效益。