Development of an oceanic in situ carbon dioxide sensor for high spatial and temporal resolution measurements

开发用于高空间和时间分辨率测量的海洋原位二氧化碳传感器

• 批准号: NE/I019638/1
• 负责人: Eric Achterberg
• 金额: $ 9.07万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Training Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI019638%2F1
• 关键词: Development; oceanic; situ; carbon; dioxide

We propose to develop and trial a novel high performance fluorescence lifetime based technology for sensing of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the marine atmosphere and surface ocean. The technology promises a significant step in scientific capability in climate research, similar if not greater than that enabled by the advent of robust and accurate oxygen sensors based on fluorescence lifetime indicators. CO2 is the main vector for global warming and ocean acidification. Since the industrial revolution, ca. 30% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions have been taken up by the oceans. The continued ability of the oceans to act as a sink is of critical importance for future trends in atmospheric CO2, climate and ocean acidification. Crucially, CO2 data from the surface zone immediately above and below the air-sea interface, is of scientific interest for flux studies. Such studies enable estimation of current transfer rates of CO2 between the atmosphere and the oceans. There is evidence that the driving force behind the air-sea flux of CO2 is decreasing and that this is partly responsible for the acceleration of atmospheric CO2 concentration annual growth rate. The overall aim of this PhD project is to develop the next generation of marine in situ pCO2 sensors that will utilise fluorescence life-time technology, using advanced dual lifetime referenced indicators and optical interrogation techniques employing high frequency photon counting and fluorescence decay curve fitting. The sensor will use the acidic character of CO2 to determine CO2-dependent change of pH inside a commercially available (Presens GmbH) indicator material. The sensors are built from a pH sensitive fluorescence indicator, a CO2 sensitive buffer, a CO2 insensitive reference indicator and a supporting gas-permeable (but ion impermeable) membrane matrix. The objectives of the PhD project are to 1) optimise the fluorescence interrogation approach, 2) determine precision/accuracy of sensor, 3) determine temperature and salinity dependency of sensor, 4) develop temperature compensation algorithm, 5) package sensor in miniaturised housing, 6) trial the CO2 sensor on coastal/oceanic voyages. This study will provide an important contribution to UK research on marine sensor development, air-sea exchange of CO2, ocean acidification, marine biogeochemistry, and the proposed research will strengthen our international position in climate change research. The PhD student will utilise the established laboratories for Marine Microsystem technology at NOCS and the UK Ocean Acidification Carbonate Chemistry Facilities (set-up using NERC and EPSRC Capital Grants), and therefore will work in excellent analytical facilities. The PhD student will receive an excellent hands-on training in analytical chemistry, sensor development, carbonate chemistry and marine biogeochemistry, and will undertake appropriate courses in analytical chemistry and marine biogeochemistry. The Centre for Marine Microsystems at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton [NOCS] combines skills and scientific resources from across the University of Southampton with the Natural Environment Research Council sensor section at NOCS to provide an internationally known research group working at the leading edge of marine sensor technology [see www.soton.ac.uk/rmst]. This large group with interests extending from micro fluidics and micromechanical expertise to studies on biofouling, provides an excellent environment for the training of a research student in the proposed area. Several marine in situ sensors from the group are already at technology readiness levels 4-6, and additional chemical analytical and biogeochemical skills are provided through the PI Achterberg for the proposed project. The research team will facilitate NERC funded leading technology to be developed by the PhD student to answer crucial environmental questions, in addition to key skills training.

我们建议开发和试验一种新型的高性能荧光寿命技术，用于在海洋大气和表面海洋中传感二氧化碳（CO2）浓度。该技术有望在气候研究中的科学能力上迈出重要的一步，相似，即使不是大于基于荧光寿命指标的健壮和准确的氧气传感器的出现。 CO2是全球变暖和海洋酸化的主要载体。自工业革命以来30％的全球人为二氧化碳排放量已被海洋占用。对于大气二氧化碳，气候和海洋酸化的未来趋势，海洋的持续能力至关重要。至关重要的是，来自空气界面上方和下方的表面区域的CO2数据对通量研究具有科学意义。这样的研究使能够估算大气和海洋之间二氧化碳的当前转移速率。有证据表明，CO2的空气通量背后的驱动力正在减少，这部分是导致大气二氧化碳浓度年增长率加速的部分原因。该博士学位项目的总体目的是开发下一代的原位PCO2传感器，该传感器将利用高级双寿命参考指标和光学询问技术，采用高频光子计数和荧光衰减曲线拟合。该传感器将使用CO2的酸性特征来确定二氧化碳依赖性变化的pH变化（在GMBH）指示器材料中。传感器是由pH敏感荧光指示器，二氧化碳敏感缓冲液，CO2不敏感的参考指示器和支持气体可渗透（但可渗透的）膜基质构建的。博士项目的目标是1）优化荧光审讯方法，2）确定传感器的精确/准确性，3）确定传感器的温度和盐度依赖性，4）4）开发温度补偿算法，5）在微型化住房中包装传感器，6）6）试验在沿海/海洋航空公司上的CO2传感器。这项研究将为英国关于海洋传感器开发，海洋二氧化碳，海洋酸化，海洋生物地球化学的交换的研究提供重要贡献，拟议的研究将加强我们在气候变化研究中的国际地位。博士生将利用NOCS和英国海洋酸化碳酸盐化学设施（使用NERC和EPSRC Capital Grants设置）的既定实验室进行海洋微系统技术，因此将在出色的分析设施中工作。博士生将接受出色的动手培训，以进行分析化学，传感器开发，碳酸盐化学和海洋生物地球化学，并将在分析化学和海洋生物地球化学方面接受适当的课程。南安普敦国家海洋学中心的海洋微型系统中心[NOCS]将南安普敦大学的技能和科学资源与NOCS的自然环境研究委员会传感器部分相结合，以提供在海洋传感器技术领先的国际知名研究小组中，[访问wwwww.soton.ac.ac.uk/rmst]。这个大型群体的兴趣从微流体和微机械专业知识扩展到生物污染研究，为培训拟议地区的研究学生提供了一个绝佳的环境。该小组的几个原位传感器已经处于技术准备水平4-6，并且通过Pi Achterberg为拟议项目提供了其他化学分析和生物地球化学技能。研究团队将促进博士生开发的NERC资助领先技术，以回答关键的环境问题，除了关键技能培训外。