Mitigating climate change impacts on India agriculture through improved Irrigation water Management

在这个项目中，我们建议调查气候变化和变异对印度灌溉水安全的影响，并评估更好的灌溉和水管理策略在缓解任何水资源短缺情况，从而提高可用水的生产力方面的有效性。为了评估气候变化对径流量的影响，进而对地下水补给和流入流域尺度河流、运河和农场水库系统的影响，我们将使用经过适当校准和验证的土壤水评估工具（SWAT）水文模型，以及一系列GCM预测和排放情景。为了更好地了解对农场尺度灌溉用水需求的影响，我们建议使用现有的基于物理的根系吸水模型，该模型将使用将在分布在印度四个邦（哈里亚纳邦、喜马偕尔邦、北阿普拉德邦和北阿坎德）的四个不同气候带的实验农场收集的数据来进一步校准和测试。对于未来的条件，校准模型将与SWAT模型相结合。鉴于对未来灌溉用水需求的评估，将从可靠性、脆弱性、复原力和可持续性方面评估现有农场灌溉基础设施（直接河流取水、水库和管井威尔斯）的充分性。我们建议为基础设施制定更好的操作规范-例如，增强水库的规则曲线，联合使用水库，河流，地下水等-这将缓和水资源短缺的影响或减少降雨对作物生产的水供应。该项目将涉及3个印度机构（IIT-Roorkee; NIT-Kurukshetra; NIT，Hamirpur）和2所英国大学（爱丁堡赫瑞瓦特大学（H-WU），克兰菲尔德大学（CU））的国际领先科学家之间的合作。它将建立在H-WU团队和IIT-Roorkee团队之间现有的和蓬勃发展的合作基础上。我们将与印度的利益相关者（农民，区域和区域到国家政策制定者）以及英国领先的灌溉实践者合作。该项目将持续48个月，包括以下四个工作包：WP 1-气候变化对印度农业水资源可用性的影响和不确定性：该WP旨在了解气候变化对水资源可用性的影响，并确定集水/蓄水层规模径流、地下水补给和响应的阈值（由CU领导）。WP 2-降雨时空变化模式对作物土壤水分状况和潜在灌溉需求的影响，以及相关的实地试验：变化的温度和降雨模式对农田土壤水分的影响，因此未来的灌溉用水需求将使用IIT-R基于物理的根系吸水模型进行评估，将根据在印度4个邦的4个地点进行的专门田间试验中观测到的作物产量和土壤湿度数据，对该方法进行进一步校准和验证（由IIT-R牵头）.WP 3-了解强有力的灌溉水管理做法和系统在减少未来水资源短缺影响方面的潜力：农场基础设施的有效性将根据其可靠性、脆弱性、复原力和可持续性进行评估，以满足现有和气候变化条件下的灌溉用水需求。将制定和评估更好的操作方法-灌溉水调度;农场水库的规则和操作政策;联合使用和人工补给-这些方法对气候变化预测的不确定性具有鲁棒性（由H-WU牵头）工作方案4-利益攸关方参与和传播：在整个项目期间，IIT-Roorkee将协调广泛的适合背景的参与和传播活动，最大限度地提高利益相关者的接受程度（联合王国/印度牵头）。

In this project, we propose to investigate the effects of climate change and variability on irrigation water security in India and to evaluate the effectiveness of better irrigation and water management strategies in mitigating any water shortage situation and so improve the productivity of the available water. To assess the impacts of climate change on the runoff and hence on groundwater recharge and inflows into rivers, canals and on-farm reservoir systems at the catchment scale, we will use the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model, appropriately calibrated and validated, and a range of GCMs projections and emissions scenarios.To better understand the impacts on irrigation water requirements at the farm scale, we propose to use an existing physically-based root water uptake model that will be further calibrated and tested using data that will be collected at experimental farms in four diverse climatic zones spread over the four Indian states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarapradesh and Uttarakhand. For future conditions, the calibrated model will be coupled with the SWAT model. Given the assessed irrigation water requirements for the future, the adequacy of existing on-farm irrigation infrastructures- direct river abstractions, reservoirs and tube wells- will be assessed in terms of reliability, vulnerability, resilience and sustainability. We propose to develop better operational practices for the infrastructures- e.g. enhanced rule curves for reservoirs, conjunctive use of reservoirs, rivers, groundwater etc- that will temper the effect of water shortages or desynchronise water availability from rainfall on crop production. The project will involve collaboration between internationally-leading scientists at 3 Indian institutions (IIT-Roorkee; NIT-Kurukshetra; NIT, Hamirpur) and 2 UK Universities: Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh (H-WU), Cranfield University (CU). It will build on an existing and thriving collaboration between the H-WU team and the team at the IIT-Roorkee. We will work with stakeholders in India (farmers, regional and regional to national policymakers) and leading UK irrigation practitioners. The project will last for 48 months and comprise four work packages as follows: WP 1- Impacts and uncertainty, of climate change on water resources availability for agriculture in India: This WP aims to understand climate change impacts on water availability and to identify thresholds in catchment/aquifer-scale runoff, groundwater recharge and responses (led by CU). WP 2- Impacts of shifting temporal and spatial rainfall patterns on crop-soil moisture regimes and potential irrigation demand, and associated field experimentation: The effects of the changing temperature and rainfall patterns on farm-scale soil moisture and hence future irrigation water requirements with be assessed with IIT-R physically-based root water uptake model, which will be further calibrated and validated against observed crop yields and soil moisture data from dedicated field experiments at 4 sites across 4 Indian states (Led by IIT-R).WP 3- Understanding the potential of robust irrigation water management practices and systems to reduce the impacts of future water scarcity: The effectiveness of on-farm infrastructures will be assessed for their reliability, vulnerability resilience and sustainability to deliver irrigation water needs for existing and climate-change conditions. Better operational practices- irrigation water scheduling; rule and operating policies for on-farm reservoirs; conjunctive use and artificial recharge- that are robust to the uncertainties in the climate change predictions will be developed and evaluated (Led by H-WU) WP 4- Stakeholder engagement and dissemination: A broad range of contextually-appropriate engagement and dissemination activities will be co-ordinated by IIT-Roorkee throughout the project duration, to maximise stakeholder buy-in (Joint UK/Indian led).