ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF BELIEF CERTAINTY

信念确定性的前因和后果

• 批准号: 6139410
• 负责人: WILLIAM B SWANN
• 金额: $ 21.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-01-01 至 2002-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6139410
• 关键词: attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; belief; cognition; data collection methodology /evaluation; dyadic interaction; friendships; gender difference; human subject; impression; interpersonal relations; judgment; motivation; prejudice; questionnaires; self concept; social behavior; social perception; statistics /biometry; video recording system

The proposed research examines the links between belief certainty and several important phenomena, including error in person perception, stereotyping, and low self-esteem. Section I follows up on preliminary studies of dating couples and college roommates indicating that as time and involvement in their relationships increase, they become increasingly certain of their beliefs about their partners with no concomitant increase in the accuracy of these beliefs. It is proposed that these effects exemplify a more general set of phenomena in which factors that make our beliefs richer foster confidence but not necessarily accuracy. The proposed studies will test this hypothesis and identify its range of applicability. Section II focuses on whether or not the model of belief certainty developed in Section I applies to social stereotypes. One study attempts to resolve an apparent contradiction between my model and past research on the certainty of social stereotypes. Another study will test the hypothesis that unmitigated losses of belief certainty increase prejudice. Yet another study will consider the counter-intuitive notion that providing prejudiced people with support for a stereotype may increase their tendency to individuate a member of a stereotyped group. The final study in this series will test the hypothesis that temporary loses in self-certainty within some domains will make people more likely to confirm the stereotype-based expectancies of perceivers. The third and final set of studies will examine the antecedents and consequences of self-certainty. Two studies will examine the cognitive and motivational antecedents of self-certainty. Another study will follow up on preliminary evidence that self-uncertainty and the low self-esteem it theoretically fosters can be eliminated by bolstering people's sense of self-certainty through confirmation of their negative as well as positive self-views. Studies are proposed to examine more directly the hypothesized confidence-bolstering effects of information that confirms people's self-views and specify how increasing self- certainty bolsters self-esteem.

拟议的研究探讨了信念确定性之间的联系 和几个重要的现象，包括人的错误 感知、刻板印象和低自尊。 第一节如下 对约会情侣和大学室友的初步研究 表明随着时间的推移和对他们关系的参与 越来越多，他们越来越确信自己的信念， 他们的伙伴没有随之增加的准确性， 这些信仰。 有人提出，这些影响， 更普遍的现象，其中的因素，使我们的 更丰富的信念培养信心，但不一定是准确性。 拟议的研究将检验这一假设，并确定其 适用范围。 第二节重点讨论信仰确定性模型是否 第一节中的发展适用于社会定型观念。一项研究试图 来解决我的模型和过去的研究之间明显的矛盾 社会刻板印象的确定性。 另一项研究将测试 假设信念确定性的完全丧失增加 偏见 另一项研究将考虑反直觉的概念， 为有偏见的人提供支持， 增加了他们将定型群体中的一个成员个体化的倾向。 本系列的最后一项研究将检验这一假设， 在某些领域失去自信会使人们更有可能 来确认感知者基于刻板印象的预期。 第三组也是最后一组研究将检查前因， 自我确定的后果。 两项研究将探讨认知 和自我确定的动机前因。另一项研究将 跟进初步证据，自我不确定性和低 从理论上讲，它所培养的自尊可以通过支持 人们的自我确定感通过确认他们的消极 以及积极的自我看法。 建议进行研究， 直接假设信息的信心增强效应 这证实了人们的自我观点，并说明如何增加自我- 确定性增强了自尊。