ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF BELIEF CERTAINTY

信念确定性的前因和后果

• 批准号: 6343736
• 负责人: WILLIAM B SWANN
• 金额: $ 23.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-01-01 至 2002-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6343736
• 关键词: attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; belief; cognition; data collection methodology /evaluation; dyadic interaction; friendships; gender difference; human subject; impression; interpersonal relations; judgment; motivation; prejudice; questionnaires; self concept; social behavior; social perception; statistics /biometry; video recording system

The proposed research examines the links between belief certainty and several important phenomena, including error in person perception, stereotyping, and low self-esteem. Section I follows up on preliminary studies of dating couples and college roommates indicating that as time and involvement in their relationships increase, they become increasingly certain of their beliefs about their partners with no concomitant increase in the accuracy of these beliefs. It is proposed that these effects exemplify a more general set of phenomena in which factors that make our beliefs richer foster confidence but not necessarily accuracy. The proposed studies will test this hypothesis and identify its range of applicability. Section II focuses on whether or not the model of belief certainty developed in Section I applies to social stereotypes. One study attempts to resolve an apparent contradiction between my model and past research on the certainty of social stereotypes. Another study will test the hypothesis that unmitigated losses of belief certainty increase prejudice. Yet another study will consider the counter-intuitive notion that providing prejudiced people with support for a stereotype may increase their tendency to individuate a member of a stereotyped group. The final study in this series will test the hypothesis that temporary loses in self-certainty within some domains will make people more likely to confirm the stereotype-based expectancies of perceivers. The third and final set of studies will examine the antecedents and consequences of self-certainty. Two studies will examine the cognitive and motivational antecedents of self-certainty. Another study will follow up on preliminary evidence that self-uncertainty and the low self-esteem it theoretically fosters can be eliminated by bolstering people's sense of self-certainty through confirmation of their negative as well as positive self-views. Studies are proposed to examine more directly the hypothesized confidence-bolstering effects of information that confirms people's self-views and specify how increasing self- certainty bolsters self-esteem.

这项拟议的研究考察了信念确定性之间的联系 以及几个重要的现象，包括当面出错 认知、刻板印象和低自尊。第一节如下 关于约会夫妇和大学室友的初步研究进展 表明随着时间的推移和对他们关系的参与 越来越多，他们变得越来越确定自己的信念 他们的合作伙伴在没有随之而来的准确性增加的情况下 这些信仰。有人认为，这些效应体现了一个 更普遍的一组现象，其中的因素使我们 信念越丰富，信心越强，但不一定准确。 拟议的研究将检验这一假设，并确定其 适用范围。 第二节着重讨论信念确定性模型是否 第一节中的发展适用于社会陈规定型观念。一项研究尝试 为了解决我的模型和过去的研究之间的明显矛盾 关于社会刻板印象的确定性。另一项研究将测试 假设信念确定性的损失会增加 偏见。还有一项研究将考虑与直觉相反的概念 为有偏见的人提供对刻板印象的支持可能 增加他们将刻板印象中的一员个人化的倾向。 这一系列的最后一项研究将检验这一假说 在某些领域失去自信将使人们更有可能 以证实感知者基于刻板印象的期望。 第三组也是最后一组研究将检查先行因素和 自信的后果。两项研究将考察认知能力 以及自信的激励前置因素。另一项研究将 跟进初步证据表明，自我不确定和低落 理论上它所培养的自尊可以通过支持来消除 人们通过确认自己的负面情绪而产生的自信 以及积极的自我评价。建议进行更多研究 信息直接假想的信心支撑效应 这证实了人们的自我观点，并具体说明了如何增加自我 确定性会增强自尊。