Evolution on ecological timescales: a role for non-genetic inheritance in adapting to novel anthropogenic stressors?
生态时间尺度的进化:非遗传遗传在适应新的人为应激源中的作用?
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/I024437/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 62.14万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2012
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2012 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Increasing numbers of studies are now demonstrating 'contemporary evolution' in which populations evolve very quickly, sometimes in less than 10 generations. Frequently, contemporary evolution is associated with human activities for example antibiotic resistance in bacteria, metal pollution tolerance in plants, pesticide and herbicide resistance, and changes in fish stocks in response to over-fishing. Understanding how populations adapt to rapid and sustained anthropogenic change is imperative for predicting limits to population persistence, and reducing species extinction rates.Our traditional view of evolution suggests that adaptation occurs through offspring inheriting genes from their parents that increase their survival and reproduction (fitness) in the current environment. Genetic variation is assumed to arise through random genetic mutations. But since most random mutations decrease an organism's fitness, and even random mutations that increase fitness initially only occur in a single individual, which might fail to breed just by chance, it is hard to see how random mutations alone can explain contemporary evolution in response to rapid anthropogenic change. If populations are large enough, an advantageous mutation may already exist in the population that can 'rescue' it from extinction. However, an emerging alternative hypothesis that this study will focus on is that populations initially evolve through a process of non-genetic inheritance, in which novel phenotypes are generated by the transmission of factors other than DNA sequence. 'Parental effects' arise when parents differentially allocate non-genetic materials to their offspring altering their behaviour, morphology, or physiology. For example, in many species females produce fewer larger offspring when they experience harsh conditions. Alternatively, 'Epigenetic inheritance' occurs when the epigenetic marks responsible for changing the way that DNA is folded in a cell is inherited from one generation to the next, changing the pattern of genes that are switched on or off at any given time. This is essentially the same mechanism that explains how distinct cell types in our bodies are maintained from one cell division to the next.Currently we have little idea how important non-genetic inheritance is in enabling populations to evolve in response to rapid environmental change, or which mechanism(s) might be involved. This is because in sexually reproducing organisms each individual has its own unique set of genes making it difficult to separate genetic inheritance from non-genetic inheritance and secondly because studies of non-genetic inheritance must be conducted over at least 3 generations, something which is not feasible in many study systems. In this study we will overcome these problems by studying non-genetic inheritance in the water flea, Daphnia pulex; an organism that has a generation time of 10 days and reproduces clonally, meaning that all offspring are genetically identical to their mothers.We will quantify the non-genetic inheritance generated by exposure to different common freshwater pollutants by comparing the growth, survival, reproduction and patterns of gene expression of genetically identical offspring from ancestors exposed to pollution or not. The relative importance of parental effects and epigenetic inheritance will be assessed by determining whether differences in offspring traits in exposed and non-exposed lineages are explained by differences in offspring provisioning or changes in the patterns of genes switched on or off and the epigenetic marks responsible for folding DNA molecules in the cell. Finally, we will assess the evolutionary implications of non-genetic inheritance by determining whether the exposure of ancestors to pollutants changes the outcome of competition experiments between replicated genetically identical populations.
越来越多的研究现在证明,种群进化非常迅速,有时不到10代,这是一种当代进化。通常,当代进化与人类活动有关,例如细菌对抗生素的抗药性、植物对金属污染的耐受性、杀虫剂和除草剂的抗药性以及鱼类种群对过度捕捞的反应变化。了解种群如何适应快速和持续的人为变化,对于预测种群持续生存的极限,降低物种灭绝率至关重要。我们的传统进化观认为,适应是通过后代继承父母的基因来发生的,这些基因增加了他们在当前环境中的生存和繁殖(适合度)。遗传变异被认为是通过随机的基因突变而产生的。但由于大多数随机突变会降低生物体的适合度,即使是提高适合度的随机突变最初也只发生在单个个体中,这可能只是偶然地无法繁殖,因此很难看出随机突变本身如何解释当代进化对快速的人类变化的反应。如果种群足够大,种群中可能已经存在一种有利的突变,可以将其从灭绝中拯救出来。然而,本研究将重点关注的一个新的替代假设是,种群最初通过非遗传遗传过程进化,在这个过程中,新的表型是由DNA序列以外的因素传递产生的。当父母不同地将非遗传物质分配给他们的后代,改变他们的行为、形态或生理时,就会产生“父母效应”。例如,在许多物种中,雌性在经历恶劣条件时产生的较大后代较少。或者,当负责改变DNA在细胞中折叠方式的表观遗传标记从一代遗传到下一代,改变在任何给定时间开启或关闭的基因模式时,就会发生表观遗传。这本质上是解释我们身体中独特的细胞类型如何从一个细胞分裂到下一个细胞分裂保持的相同机制。目前,我们几乎不知道非遗传遗传在使种群能够随着环境快速变化而进化方面有多重要,也不知道可能涉及哪种机制(S)。这是因为在有性繁殖生物体中,每个个体都有自己独特的一套基因,这使得很难区分遗传遗传和非遗传遗传,其次是因为非遗传遗传的研究必须至少进行3代,这在许多研究系统中是不可行的。在这项研究中,我们将通过研究水蚤Daphnia Pulex的非遗传遗传来克服这些问题。Daphnia Pulex是一种世代时间为10天的有机体,可以克隆地繁殖,这意味着所有的后代在基因上都与他们的母亲相同。我们将通过比较受污染或未受污染的祖先的基因相同后代的生长、存活、繁殖和基因表达模式,来量化因接触不同常见淡水污染物而产生的非遗传遗传。亲本效应和表观遗传的相对重要性将通过确定暴露和非暴露世系中后代特征的差异是否由后代供应的差异或开启或关闭的基因模式的变化以及负责折叠细胞中DNA分子的表观遗传标记来解释。最后,我们将通过确定祖先暴露在污染物中是否会改变复制的遗传相同种群之间的竞争实验结果,来评估非遗传遗传的进化影响。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Pollution induces epigenetic effects that are stably transmitted across multiple generations.
- DOI:10.1002/evl3.273
- 发表时间:2022-04
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5
- 作者:Harney E;Paterson S;Collin H;Chan BHK;Bennett D;Plaistow SJ
- 通讯作者:Plaistow SJ
The Role of Omics in the Application of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Chemical Risk Assessment.
- DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfx097
- 发表时间:2017-08-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Brockmeier EK;Hodges G;Hutchinson TH;Butler E;Hecker M;Tollefsen KE;Garcia-Reyero N;Kille P;Becker D;Chipman K;Colbourne J;Collette TW;Cossins A;Cronin M;Graystock P;Gutsell S;Knapen D;Katsiadaki I;Lange A;Marshall S;Owen SF;Perkins EJ;Plaistow S;Schroeder A;Taylor D;Viant M;Ankley G;Falciani F
- 通讯作者:Falciani F
Offspring development and life-history variation in a water flea depends upon clone-specific integration of genetic, non-genetic and environmental cues
- DOI:10.1111/1365-2435.12887
- 发表时间:2017-10-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.2
- 作者:Harney, Ewan;Paterson, Steve;Plaistow, Stewart J.
- 通讯作者:Plaistow, Stewart J.
Embryogenesis plasticity and the transmission of maternal effects in Daphnia pulex.
溞的胚胎发生可塑性和母体效应的传递。
- DOI:10.1111/ede.12346
- 发表时间:2020
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.9
- 作者:Hasoon MSR
- 通讯作者:Hasoon MSR
Pollution induces epigenetic effects that are stably transmitted across multiple generations
- DOI:10.1002/ev13.273
- 发表时间:2022-02-03
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5
- 作者:Harney,Ewan;Paterson,Steve;Plaistow,Stewart J.
- 通讯作者:Plaistow,Stewart J.
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Stewart Plaistow其他文献
Stewart Plaistow的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Stewart Plaistow', 18)}}的其他基金
LIMITS TO ADAPTATION: CAUSES, AND CONSEQUENCES FOR ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
适应的限制:生态和生态系统功能的原因和后果
- 批准号:
NE/N016017/1 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 62.14万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Population Dynamics and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity: Experimental Adaptive Dynamics.
种群动态和表型可塑性的进化:实验适应性动态。
- 批准号:
NE/C518214/2 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 62.14万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship
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