Lakes and the Arctic Carbon Cycle

湖泊和北极碳循环

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/K000349/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 40.17万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2012 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The Arctic is changing rapidly, and it is predicted that areas which are today tundra will become tree-covered as warming progresses, with, for example, forest spreading northwards to the coast of northern European Russia by 2100. In some parts of the Arctic, such as Alaska, this process, commonly referred to as "greening", has already been observed over the past few decades; woody shrubs are expanding their distribution northwards into tundra. Such vegetation changes influence nutrient cycling in soils, including carbon cycling, but the extent to which they will change the storage or release of carbon at a landscape scale is debated. Nor do we fully understand the role that lakes play in this system although it is known that many lakes in the tundra and northern forests are today releasing carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere in significant amounts, and a proportion of this carbon comes into the lake from the vegetation and soils of the surrounding landscape. Lakes form an important part of arctic landscapes: there are many thousands of them in our study areas in Russia and west Greenland, and they act as focal points for carbon cycling within in the wider landscape.It is vital that we understand the interactions between plants, soils, nutrients, and lakes because there are massive carbon stores in the high northern latitudes, particularly in frozen soils, and if this carbon is transferred into the atmosphere (as carbon dioxide (CO2) or methane) it will create a positive feedback, driving further global warming. For this reason, the Arctic represents a critical component of the Earth System, and understanding how it will it respond to global environmental change is crucial. Lakes are a key link in this process.As lakes are tightly coupled with terrestrial carbon cycling, changes in the flows of carbon to a lake are faithfully recorded in lake sediment records, as are changes in the biological processing of that carbon within the lake. We also know that similar vegetation changes to those observed or predicted today occurred in the past when climate was warmer than today, and thus past events can provide an analogue for future changes. This project will examine lake sediment records, using techniques that extract a range of chemical signals and microscopic plant and animal remains, to see how vegetation changes associated with past natural climate warming, such as migration of the tree-line northwards, affected lake functioning in terms of the overall biological productivity, the species composition, and the types of carbon processing that were dominant. Depending upon the balance between different biological processes, which in turn are linked to surrounding vegetation and soils, lakes may have contributed mostly to carbon storage or mostly to carbon emissions ?at a landscape scale. Changes in vegetation type also influence decomposition of plant remains and soil development, and this is linked to nitrogen cycling and availability. Nitrogen is an important control over productivity and hence of carbon fixation and storage, and thus it is important to study the dynamics of nitrogen along with those of carbon. Due to the spatial variability of climate and geology, the pace of vegetation development (and of species immigration) and the types of plants involved have not been uniform around the Arctic. By examining several lakes in each of three regions (Alaska, Greenland, Russia) we will be able to describe a broad range of different vegetation transitions and the associated responses of the lakes. Our results can be used to inform our understanding of the likely pathways of recently initiated and future changes. They can also be up-scaled to the whole Arctic and so contribute to the broader scientific goal of understanding feedbacks to global warming.
北极正在迅速变化,据预测,随着气候变暖,今天的苔原地区将变成树木覆盖的地区,例如,到2100年,森林将向北扩展到俄罗斯欧洲北方的海岸。在北极的某些地区,如阿拉斯加,这一过程通常被称为“绿化”,在过去几十年中已经观察到;木本灌木正在向北扩展到苔原。这种植被变化影响土壤中的养分循环,包括碳循环,但在景观尺度上,它们将在多大程度上改变碳的储存或释放仍有争议。我们也不完全了解湖泊在这个系统中所起的作用,尽管我们知道,冻土带和北方森林中的许多湖泊今天正在向大气中释放大量的二氧化碳和甲烷,其中一部分碳从周围景观的植被和土壤中进入湖泊。湖泊是北极景观的重要组成部分:在我们研究的俄罗斯和格陵兰岛西部地区,有数千个这样的湖泊,它们是更广泛景观中碳循环的焦点。我们了解植物、土壤、营养物质和湖泊之间的相互作用至关重要,因为在北方高纬度地区,特别是在冻土中,有大量的碳储存,如果这些碳被转移到大气中(作为二氧化碳(CO2)或甲烷),它将产生正反馈,进一步推动全球变暖。因此,北极是地球系统的重要组成部分,了解它如何应对全球环境变化至关重要。湖泊是这一过程中的关键环节,由于湖泊与陆地碳循环密切相关,湖泊沉积物记录忠实地记录了碳流向湖泊的变化,以及湖泊内碳生物处理的变化。我们还知道,与今天观测或预测的植被变化类似的变化发生在过去,当时气候比今天温暖,因此过去的事件可以为未来的变化提供模拟。该项目将研究湖泊沉积物记录,使用提取一系列化学信号和微观植物和动物遗骸的技术,以了解与过去自然气候变暖相关的植被变化,如树木线向北迁移,如何影响湖泊的整体生物生产力,物种组成和占主导地位的碳处理类型。根据不同生物过程之间的平衡,这些生物过程又与周围的植被和土壤有关,湖泊可能主要是碳储存还是主要是碳排放?in a landscape景观scale规模.植被类型的变化也影响植物遗骸的分解和土壤发育,这与氮循环和可用性有关。氮是控制生产力的重要因素,因此也是碳固定和储存的重要因素,因此研究氮的动态沿着碳的动态是很重要的。由于气候和地质的空间变异性,北极周围植被发展(和物种迁移)的速度和所涉及的植物类型并不一致。通过研究三个地区(阿拉斯加,格陵兰,俄罗斯)的几个湖泊,我们将能够描述广泛的不同植被过渡和湖泊的相关响应。我们的研究结果可以用来告知我们最近发起和未来变化的可能途径的理解。它们也可以扩大到整个北极,从而有助于更广泛的科学目标,即理解全球变暖的反馈。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The Arctic in the Twenty-First Century: Changing Biogeochemical Linkages across a Paraglacial Landscape of Greenland.
  • DOI:
    10.1093/biosci/biw158
  • 发表时间:
    2017-02-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    10.1
  • 作者:
    Anderson NJ;Saros JE;Bullard JE;Cahoon SMP;McGowan S;Bagshaw EA;Barry CD;Bindler R;Burpee BT;Carrivick JL;Fowler RA;Fox AD;Fritz SC;Giles ME;Hamerlik L;Ingeman-Nielsen T;Law AC;Mernild SH;Northington RM;Osburn CL;Pla-Rabès S;Post E;Telling J;Stroud DA;Whiteford EJ;Yallop ML;Yde JC
  • 通讯作者:
    Yde JC
A pan-Arctic estimate of methane flux from lakes using refined lake cover data
使用精确的湖泊覆盖数据对湖泊甲烷通量进行泛北极估计
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2014
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Edwards M
  • 通讯作者:
    Edwards M
Using chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments to reconstruct Holocene changes in carbon cycling in Arctic lakes.
使用叶绿素和类胡萝卜素色素重建北极湖泊碳循环的全新世变化。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2015
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    McGowan, S.
  • 通讯作者:
    McGowan, S.
The role of lakes in greenhouse gas emissions from the northern high latitudes
湖泊在北部高纬度地区温室气体排放中的作用
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2015
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Edwards M
  • 通讯作者:
    Edwards M
Landscape-Scale Variability of Organic Carbon Burial by SW Greenland Lakes
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10021-019-00368-8
  • 发表时间:
    2019-12-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.7
  • 作者:
    Anderson, N. J.;Appleby, P. G.;Yang, H.
  • 通讯作者:
    Yang, H.
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Nicholas Anderson其他文献

Does In-Hospital Mortality Vary Between Pulmonary Embolism Therapies? A Systematic Review and Model-based Meta-analysis
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jvsv.2022.12.038
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Shuai Fu;Nicholas Anderson;Abimbola O. Williams;Michael R. Jaff;Maciej Grys;Wendy Wifler;Lee Stern;Karan Garg
  • 通讯作者:
    Karan Garg
Cost Burden and Cost Influencers of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement and Retrieval among Medicare Beneficiaries with Acute Venous Thromboembolism
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jvir.2022.10.012
  • 发表时间:
    2023-02-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Natalie Sridharan;Abimbola O. Williams;Sirikan Rojanasarot;Nicholas Anderson;Wendy Wifler;Michael R. Jaff;Rabih Chaer
  • 通讯作者:
    Rabih Chaer
Behavioral and emotional functioning following pediatric concussion.
小儿脑震荡后的行为和情绪功能。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.2
  • 作者:
    Alice Gornall;Michael Takagi;C. Clarke;F. Babl;G. Davis;Kevin Dunne;Nicholas Anderson;S. Hearps;Thibaut Demaneuf;Vanessa C Rausa;V. Anderson
  • 通讯作者:
    V. Anderson
Discovery of Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin as a Marker of Delayed Recovery from Concussion in Children.
发现 Alpha-1-抗胰蛋白酶作为儿童脑震荡恢复延迟的标志物。
  • DOI:
    10.1089/neu.2023.0503
  • 发表时间:
    2024
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.2
  • 作者:
    Ella E K Swaney;F. Babl;Vanessa C Rausa;Nicholas Anderson;Stephen J C Hearps;Georgia M Parkin;Gene Hart;Thiri Zaw;Luke Carroll;Michael Takagi;Marc Seal;Gavin A Davis;Vicki Anderson;Vera Ignjatović
  • 通讯作者:
    Vera Ignjatović
Cerebral blood flow in children with persisting postconcussive symptoms and posttraumatic headache at 2 weeks postconcussion.
脑震荡后 2 周有持续脑震荡后症状和创伤后头痛的儿童的脑血流量。
  • DOI:
    10.3171/2023.3.peds2339
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Feiven Fan;R. Beare;Michael Takagi;Nicholas Anderson;S. Bressan;C. Clarke;G. Davis;Kevin Dunne;Fabian Fabiano;S. Hearps;Vera Ignjatović;Georgia M. Parkin;Vanessa C Rausa;M. Seal;Jesse Shapiro;F. Babl;Vickie Anderson
  • 通讯作者:
    Vickie Anderson

Nicholas Anderson的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Nicholas Anderson', 18)}}的其他基金

Ecological effects of glacial dust deposition on remote Arctic lakes
冰川尘埃沉积对北极偏远湖泊的生态影响
  • 批准号:
    NE/P011578/1
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.17万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
EAPSI: Making small, low loss, metallic-magnetic heterostructures for next generation devices
EAPSI:为下一代设备制造小型、低损耗、金属磁性异质结构
  • 批准号:
    1415072
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.17万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award
The key role of DOM in regulating microbial diversity, community structure and organic carbon cycling in arctic lakes
DOM在调节北极湖泊微生物多样性、群落结构和有机碳循环中的关键作用
  • 批准号:
    NE/J021474/1
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.17万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Long-range atmospheric Nitrogen deposition as a driver of ecological change in Arctic lakes
远距离大气氮沉降是北极湖泊生态变化的驱动因素
  • 批准号:
    NE/G019622/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.17万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

相似国自然基金

北半球Polar和Arctic环流变化对中高纬度气候异常的影响
  • 批准号:
    41775067
  • 批准年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    68.0 万元
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Can megafauna shift the carbon and surface radiation budgets of the Arctic?
巨型动物群能否改变北极的碳和地表辐射预算?
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