Biological rhythms in the beach amphipod Talitrus saltator

海滩片脚类 Talitrus saltator 的生物节律

• 批准号: NE/K000594/1
• 负责人: David Wilcockson
• 金额: $ 9.57万
• 依托单位: Aberystwyth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK000594%2F1
• 关键词: Biological; rhythms; beach; amphipod; Talitrus

All living things, from bacteria to humans have biological 'clocks' that enable them to keep time with their surrounding environment which is how we humans tend to wake up at roughly the same time each day! Remarkably, these internal timing mechanisms, which are normally found in the brains of animals, continue to work even when the organism is separated from cues, such as cycles of night and day. Biological clocks are extremely important because organisms can prepare in advance for bouts of activity, growth, mating and other necessary activity at the most appropriate part of the day to avoid predators, find food or mates. Therefore they contribute significantly to the survival and success of all organisms. We now know that the clock mechanisms in different plants and animals that have been studied share striking similarities in the molecules that drive them but, most of our understanding comes from work on a very few 'model organisms' such as the fruit fly. The fruit fly, and nearly all terrestrial organisms, uses the night and day light cycles to synchronise their clocks to local conditions. Consequently their rhythmic behaviour and physiology recurs on a cycle of about 24h. However, marine plants and animals are exposed to many different cyclic events such as the tide coming in and out (tidal clocks; every 12.4h), lunidian (cycles of tidal height; 12.8h) and even changes in tidal range (spring and neap tides) caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun (semilunar clocks; 14d). Although it is well known that many marine species time their behaviour and physiology to these different events, we know very little about their how their internal clocks work. For instance, do they have the same molecular 'cogs' as daily clocks but 'run' at a different speed, or do they have dedicated 'tidal', 'lunidian' or 'semilunar' clocks? This project will decipher the genetic and biochemical basis of cyclic behaviours in the sand-hopper, Talitrus saltator. In the UK this small crustacean emerges from its burrow in the sand at night to feed. It navigates up and down the shore by moving towards the light of the sea horizon in the night but just before dawn it turns back and is drawn to the dark of the land. The emergence and light/dark preferences of the sand-hopper are under clock control and continue to be expressed even if they are kept artificially in total darkness. In the Mediterranean the same species navigate in a different way- by using the position of the sun and moon as their guide. This must also require a sense of time because as the Earth rotates, the sun and the moon appear to move across the sky and the sand-hopper must compensate for this to keep on course. I will compare the UK sand-hoppers to those of the Mediterranean to determine whether their clocks are geared differently or even if they have multiple clocks in their brains. The outcomes of this work could have important impacts on our understanding of biological clocks, how they have evolved and adapted to suit the prevailing environmental conditions and how they contribute to the success of the organism and their interactions with other species.

从细菌到人类，所有生物都有生物钟，使它们能够与周围环境保持同步，这就是我们人类每天几乎在同一时间醒来的原因！值得注意的是，这些通常在动物大脑中发现的内部计时机制，即使在生物体与暗示分离时仍继续工作，例如昼夜循环。生物钟极其重要，因为生物体可以在一天中最合适的时间提前准备好活动、生长、交配和其他必要的活动，以躲避捕食者、寻找食物或交配。因此，它们对所有有机体的生存和成功都有重大贡献。我们现在知道，已经研究过的不同动植物的时钟机制在驱动它们的分子上有着惊人的相似之处，但我们的大部分理解来自于对极少数“模式生物”的研究，比如果蝇。果蝇和几乎所有的陆地生物都利用昼夜光周期来使它们的生物钟与当地的条件保持同步。因此，它们的节律行为和生理循环大约以24小时为一个周期。然而，海洋植物和动物暴露在许多不同的循环事件中，例如潮汐进出(潮汐时钟，每12.4小时)，鲁尼迪亚(潮汐高度周期，12.8小时)，甚至由于月亮和太阳的引力而引起的潮差变化(大潮和小潮)(半月钟，14天)。虽然众所周知，许多海洋物种将它们的行为和生理时间安排在这些不同的事件上，但我们对它们的生物钟是如何工作的知之甚少。例如，他们是否有和日常时钟一样的分子‘齿轮’，但以不同的速度‘运行’，或者他们有专门的‘潮汐’、‘Lunidian’或‘半月’时钟？这个项目将破译沙漏斗沙鼠循环行为的遗传和生化基础。在英国，这种小型甲壳类动物晚上从沙子里的洞穴中出来觅食。它在夜间沿着海岸上下航行，朝着海平面的灯光移动，但就在黎明之前，它返回并被陆地的黑暗所吸引。沙鼠的出现和明暗喜好受到时钟的控制，即使它们被人为地保存在完全黑暗的环境中，它们也会继续表现出来。在地中海，同样的物种以不同的方式导航--以太阳和月亮的位置为向导。这还必须需要时间感，因为随着地球自转，太阳和月亮似乎在天空中移动，而沙漏必须补偿这一点才能保持在轨道上。我会将英国的跳沙者和地中海的跳沙者进行比较，以确定他们的时钟是否调整不同，或者即使他们的大脑中有多个时钟。这项工作的结果可能会对我们理解生物钟、它们如何进化和适应主流环境条件以及它们如何有助于有机体的成功及其与其他物种的相互作用产生重要影响。

项目成果

The role of the antennae in the compass-based orientation of the equatorial sandhopper Talorchestia martensii Weber (Crustacea Amphipoda)

触角在赤道沙漏 Talorchestia martensii Weber（甲壳纲 Amphpoda）基于指南针定向中的作用

• DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2020.1844303
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Ethology Ecology & Evolution
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Ugolini A