Can roach, Rutilus rutilus, adapt to the harmful effects of oestrogen exposure from waste water treatment work effluents?

蟑螂（Rutilus rut​​ilus）能否适应废水处理工作废水中雌激素暴露的有害影响？

• 批准号: NE/K004581/1
• 负责人: Susan Jobling
• 金额: $ 22.01万
• 依托单位: Brunel University London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK004581%2F1
• 关键词: roach; Rutilus; rutilus; adapt; harmful

SummaryMajor worldwide attention has focused on the observations of disruptions of reproduction in both wildlife and human populations that can result from exposure to chemicals that interfere with the body's hormone signalling systems (so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals; EDCs) impacting on reproductive health. We have shown that reproduction in fish (roach, a common member of the carp family of fish) living in many UK Rivers has been damaged by exposure to EDCs contained in the wastewater treatment works (WwTW) effluents and the chemicals responsible for these effects include natural oestrogen hormones and pharmaceutical oestrogens in the contraceptive pill. Feminised roach have a reduced capability to breed under competitive breeding conditions and we have evidence (as yet, unpublished) for reduced breeding population sizes in wild roach living in rivers with a high effluent content. Populations with low numbers of breeding individuals lose genetic variation over multiple generations with a greater risk of extinction. Nevertheless, we find that in some stretches of these rivers with high oestrogenic exposure roach populations appear to be reproductively self-sustaining. Establishing whether fish (here roach) have adapted to oestrogenic contaminants, how they do this (the mechanisms) and the possible fitness costs of these adaptations are essential in understanding resilience (and thus sustainability) of fish populations living in these polluted environments.We will examine whether exposure of roach populations to oestrogenic WwTW effluents over multiple generations has resulted in genetic selection and the impacts of selection on the susceptibility in male fish to develop oestrogen-induced effects associated with negative fitness consequences. We will examine for selection by identifying functionally significant changes in their genetic make up. Specifically we will look for differences in genetic poylmorphisms (so called single nucleotide polymorphisms -SNPs) in (1) specific (candidate) genes that we know are important in oestrogen signalling of reproductive (and other life) processes and (2) by using methods that allow us to scan the whole genome for these genetic alterations (using a technique called RAD-tag genotyping). Adopting these methods we expect to find 'footprints' of selection in fish living in rivers with a high oestrogenic effluent content, which should allow identification of novel adaptive processes and suggest important mechanisms of toxicity or survival in effluent rich environments. Uniquely, we are able to do this work because we have in depth knowledge (15 years of study) of the wild populations of roach in the selected UK Rivers that we propose to study.We will establish whether roach populations exposed to high levels of oestrogenic effluent over many generations have adapted to become less responsive to environmental oestrogens and thus are now less susceptible to their associated adverse effects by comparing responses to a controlled exposure to the contraceptive oestrogen, ethinyloestradiol. We will use roach collected from the same clean and WwTW effluent contaminated sites as for the population genetic analyses described above and fish will be exposed for a period of 1 year and effects quantified on responses that have negative fitness consequences in male fish, including ovotestis. This work is intended to greatly improve understanding of the ability of fish to adapt to exposure to environmental pollutants (here oestrogen) and how they do so, in turn helping to inform on fish population resilience in UK rivers receiving WwTW effluent discharges. The work will have importance in the regulation of discharges for the better protection of our aquatic resources and biodiversity and is of very wide interest to the government regulatory bodies, environment protection groups, industry and the wider public.

摘要全世界的主要注意力都集中在对野生动物和人类生殖破坏的观察上，这种破坏可能是由于接触干扰人体激素信号系统的化学物质（所谓的内分泌干扰化学物质；EDC）而导致的，从而影响生殖健康。我们已经证明，生活在英国许多河流中的鱼类（蟑螂，鲤鱼科的常见成员）的繁殖因接触废水处理厂 (WwTW) 废水中含有的 EDC 而受到损害，造成这些影响的化学物质包括天然雌激素和避孕药中的药物雌激素。雌性蟑螂在竞争性繁殖条件下的繁殖能力下降，我们有证据（尚未发表）表明生活在污水含量高的河流中的野生蟑螂的繁殖种群规模减少。繁殖个体数量较少的种群会在多代中失去遗传变异，从而面临更大的灭绝风险。尽管如此，我们发现在这些雌激素暴露水平较高的河流的某些河段中，蟑螂种群似乎能够自我维持繁殖。确定鱼类（此处为蟑螂）是否已经适应了雌激素污染物、它们如何做到这一点（机制）以及这些适应可能的适应成本，对于了解生活在这些污染环境中的鱼类种群的恢复力（以及可持续性）至关重要。我们将研究蟑螂种群在多代中暴露于雌激素污水中是否导致遗传选择以及选择对雄性鱼易感性的影响 产生与负面健身后果相关的雌激素诱导效应。我们将通过识别其基因组成中功能上显着的变化来检查选择。具体来说，我们将在以下方面寻找遗传多态性（所谓的单核苷酸多态性 -SNP）的差异：（1）我们知道在生殖（和其他生命）过程的雌激素信号传导中很重要的特定（候选）基因，以及（2）使用允许我们扫描整个基因组以查找这些遗传改变的方法（使用称为 RAD 标签基因分型的技术）。采用这些方法，我们期望找到生活在雌激素含量高的河流中的鱼类的选择“足迹”，这应该能够识别新的适应过程，并提出在污水丰富的环境中毒性或生存的重要机制。独特的是，我们能够开展这项工作，是因为我们对我们拟研究的选定英国河流中的野生蟑螂种群有深入的了解（15年的研究）。我们将通过比较与受控暴露于避孕药具的反应，确定暴露于高水平雌激素废水的蟑螂种群是否已经适应了对环境雌激素的反应减弱，因此现在不太容易受到相关不利影响的影响 雌激素，炔雌醇。我们将使用从与上述种群遗传分析相同的清洁和 WwTW 污水污染地点收集的蟑螂，鱼将暴露 1 年，并对对雄性鱼（包括卵睾）产生负面健康影响的反应进行量化。这项工作旨在大大提高对鱼类适应环境污染物（此处为雌激素）的能力及其如何适应的了解，从而帮助了解接受 WwTW 污水排放的英国河流中鱼类种群的恢复能力。这项工作对于监管排放以更好地保护我们的水生资源和生物多样性具有重要意义，并且引起政府监管机构、环境保护团体、工业界和广大公众的广泛兴趣。

项目成果

Effects of Exposure to WwTW Effluents over Two Generations on Sexual Development and Breeding in Roach Rutilus rutilus

两代以来暴露于污水处理厂废水对金丝蟑螂性发育和繁殖的影响

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03777
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Hamilton P

Riverine fish diversity varies according to geographical isolation and land use modification.

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3237
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: Ecology and evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Nicol E;Stevens JR;Jobling S
• 通讯作者: Jobling S

Investigation into Adaptation in Genes Associated with Response to Estrogenic Pollution in Populations of Roach (Rutilus rutilus) Living in English Rivers.

英国河流中蟑螂（Rutilus rut​​ilus）种群对雌激素污染反应相关基因适应的调查。

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00957
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Environmental science & technology
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Hamilton PB