MODIFIED CLAYS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION

本项目的目标是（1）开发和表征新的 基础材料，来自粘土矿物和相关层状 固体，具有用于固定和催化的性能 分解有毒有机化学物质，以及（2）利用这些材料 为超级基金开发有效的补救技术 化学品 我们将继续研究 改性粘土，以及我们开发仿生催化剂的努力， 在周围环境下有效分解有机毒物 条件 在作出这些努力的同时，我们还发起了一项新的 合作研究，旨在实现一个新的和有前途的 原位修复技术。 这项技术是基于一个类 改性粘土，即有机粘土，这源于我们的早期 在这个项目的支持下进行基础研究。 我们已经证明 有机粘土是普通地下水污染物的有效吸附剂。 我们原位修复的概念是，带负电荷的粘土 存在于底土和含水层材料可以转化为有机， 通过地下注入阳离子表面活性剂。 以这种方式 我们建议建立原位吸附区， 拦截前进的污染物羽流并去除溶解的有机物 污染物。 这项技术的优点是可以防止进一步的 含水层污染（土壤和水）下降梯度， 可以管理以加强修复的指定区域中的污染物 通过生物降解或催化分解， 固定污染物。 该项目的目的是围绕四个 主要研究方向：（1）土壤改良化学;（2） 原位改性的传质方面，（3）水力 原位改性方面;（4）新型吸附剂的开发 和仿生粘土材料。

The goals of this Project are to (1) develop and characterize new fundamental materials, derived from clay minerals and related layered solids, with properties useful for immobilizing and catalytically decomposing toxic organic chemicals, and (2) utilize these materials in the development of effective remediation technologies for Superfund chemicals. We will continue our studies of the sorptive properties of modified clays, and our efforts to develop biomimetic catalysts that effectively decompose organic toxicants under ambient environmental conditions. In parallel to these efforts, we have initiated a new collaborative study aimed at the implementation of a novel and promising in-situ remediation technology. This technology is based on one class of modified clays, namely organo-clays, which emanate from our earlier basic studies under the auspices of this project. We have shown that organo-clays are effective sorbents for common groundwater contaminants. Our concept for in-situ remediation is that negatively charged clays present in subsoils and aquifer materials can be converted to organo- clays via subsurface injections of cationic surfactants. In this fashion we propose to create in-situ sorptive zones that can be placed to intercept advancing contaminant plumes and remove dissolved organic contaminants. This technology offers the advantage of preventing further aquifer contamination (soil and water) downgradient, and of concentrating contaminants in a defined zone that can be managed to enhance remediation either through biodegradation or catalytic decomposition of the immobilized contaminants. The purposed project is organized around four main lines of investigation: (1) the chemistry of soil modification, (2) the mass transfer aspects of in-situ modification, (3) the hydraulic aspects of in-situ modification, and (4) the development of new sorbents and biomimetic clay materials.