MODIFIED CLAYS FOR SORPTION AND CATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF VOCS

用于吸附和催化降解 VOC 的改性粘土

• 批准号: 3855718
• 负责人: STEPHEN A BOYD
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3855718
• 关键词: adsorption; biomedical equipment development; catalyst; chemical synthesis; chlorohydrocarbon; clay; detoxification; environmental contamination; environmental engineering; environmental toxicology; hydropathy; nonwater solvent; organic chemicals; organometallic compounds; vapor; water pollution; water treatment

The unique properties of smectite clays that are important in designing effective adsorbents and catalysts are (1) high surface area (2) high cation exchange capacity (3) swelling properties of the clay platelets and (4) high surface acidity and reactivity. Such properties make these materials inherently reactive and allows tremendous synthetic versatility to produce structures have specific properties for detoxication. Our goal is to develop a new class of materials useful for treating liquid wastes in which the contaminant is first immobilized on the clay material and then detoxified via catalysis on the clay surface. The clay-based materials being developed for this purpose are (1) transition metal saturated clays (2) organo-metal-clays (3) piliared clays and (4) delaminated clays. An additional objective is to develop and use organo- clays as components of clay barriers (e.g., bentonite slurry walls) to improve the containment characteristics of waste disposal reservoirs. Metal clays are versatile catalysts which can be used to form reactive radical cations of organic toxicants such as TCE, benzene, dioxins and phenols. These reactive radical species are subject of a variety of potential reactions to form less toxic products. Important reactions such as polymerization and dechlorination have been achieved. Organic cations can also be placed on the surface of smectite clays to impart hydrophobic properties important for adsorption of trace organic contaminants from aqueous streams. The desired sorptive and catalytic properties can be combined by using a mixture of organic and metallic cations. Pillared and delaminated clays are microporous to macroporous derivatives formed by the reaction of natural clays with robust polyoxocations. The relatively large pore sizes of these clays make them ideal adsorbents for large chlorinated hydrocarbons. Also, metal catalysts can be introduced into their structures to facilitate subsequent oxidation of the adsorbed toxicant.

蒙皂石粘土的独特性质在设计中非常重要 有效的吸附剂和催化剂是（1）高表面积（2）高 阳离子交换容量（3）粘土片层的膨胀性能 （4）高的表面酸性和反应活性。这些特性使得 材料具有固有的反应性，并允许巨大的合成多功能性 来生产具有解毒特性的结构。我们的目标 是开发一种新的用于处理液体废物的材料 其中污染物首先固定在粘土材料上， 然后通过粘土表面的催化进行解毒。粘土基 为此目的正在开发的材料是（1）过渡金属 饱和粘土（2）有机金属粘土（3）柱状粘土和（4） 分层粘土另一个目标是开发和使用有机- 作为粘土屏障组分的粘土（例如，膨润土泥浆壁）， 改善废物处置池的密封特性。 金属粘土是多用途催化剂，其可用于形成反应性催化剂。 有机毒物如三氯乙烯、苯、二恶英和 酚类。这些反应性自由基物质是多种化学反应的主体。 潜在的反应，形成毒性较小的产品。重要的反应，如 因为已经实现了聚合和脱氯。有机阳离子 也可置于绿土粘土的表面上以赋予疏水性 吸附痕量有机污染物的重要性能 水流所需的吸附和催化性质可以是 通过使用有机阳离子和金属阳离子的混合物结合。支柱和 分层粘土是微孔到大孔的衍生物， 天然粘土与强力多氧阳离子的反应。相对 这些粘土的大孔尺寸使它们成为用于大颗粒的理想吸附剂。 氯化碳氢化合物。此外，可以将金属催化剂引入到 它们的结构，以促进随后的氧化的吸附 有毒物质