RETINAL MECHANISMS AND COLOR APPEARANCE

描述(申请人描述)：建议的长期目标 研究是对特定方面的生物学基础的阐明 人的知觉，即明度和色彩的恒定性。人类不知不觉 以提取与上下文无关的方式处理视觉输入 有关对象的信息(例如，表面反射率)。这种提取发生在 尽管上下文(例如，照明的光谱)可以 彻底改变从物体发出的光的性质。 了解用于提取的各种机制将 促进人工视觉系统的开发以发挥其自身的功能 就在机器人硬件以及对视力受损的人类的援助中 由于意外、疾病或发育缺陷造成的。建议的研究目标 测试将感知与事件联系在一起的心理物理假说 眼睛。具体地说，视网膜电图(ERG)记录将在 心理物理任务的表现。通过组合来自人类的数据 关于视网膜生理数据的主观报告，它将是 可以评估特定形式的知觉恒定性的程度 归因于视网膜上可用信号的一致性。至 为了实现这些目标，受试者将比较显示在屏幕上的闪烁补丁 计算机监视器，计算机从受试者的眼睛获取ERG数据。这个 实验设计将确定两个闪烁的条件 刺激看起来是一样的，即使它们在物理上是不同的。实例位于 当受试者报告时，ERG信号的哪些分量相同 知觉是相同的将表明知觉的恒定性是相关的 从视网膜发出的信号是恒定的。相反，知觉上的恒定性在 面对ERG信号的差异，将意味着恒定是一个 视网膜信号更高级别处理的结果。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Description): The long-term objective of the proposed research is the elucidation of the biological basis of particular aspects of human perception, namely, lightness and color constancy. Humans unconsciously process visual input in such a way as to extract context-independent information about objects (e.g., surface reflectance). This extraction occurs despite the fact that the context (e.g., the spectrum of the illumination) can drastically alter the properties of the light emanating from the objects. Understanding the various mechanisms employed for this extraction will facilitate development of artificial visual systems to function in their own right in robotic hardware as well as in aid to humans whose sight is impaired through accident, disease or developmental defect. The proposed research aims to test psychophysical linking hypotheses tying perception to events in the eye. Specifically, electroretinographic (ERG) recordings will be made during the performance of a psychophysical task. By combining data from human subjective reports with data about physiology in the retina, it will be possible to assess the degree to which particular forms of perceptual constancy are attributable to constancies in the signals available at the retina. To achieve these goals, subjects will compare flickering patches displayed on a computer monitor as the computer acquires ERG data from the subjects' eyes. The experimental design will determine conditions under which two flickering stimuli appear the same even though they are physically distinct. Instances in which components of the ERG signal are the same when subjects report the perceptions are the same will indicate that the perceptual constancy is related to constancy in the signal from the retina. Conversely, perceptual constancy in the face of differences in ERG signals will imply that the constancy is a result of higher-level processing of retinal signals.