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A 500,000-year environmental record from Chew Bahir, south Ethiopia: testing hypotheses of climate-driven human evolution, innovation, and dispersal

埃塞俄比亚南部 Chew Bahir 的 50 万年环境记录：检验气候驱动的人类进化、创新和扩散的假设

基本信息

批准号：
NE/K011871/1
负责人：
Melanie Leng
金额：
$ 24.02万
依托单位：
British Geological Survey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK011871%2F1
关键词：
500 000 year environmental record

项目摘要

This proposal seeks funding towards costs of geophysical survey and scientific drilling of Pleistocene lacustrine sediments in East Africa, and their subsequent analyses. The aim of the project is to provide a long, continuous and highly-resolved palaeoenvironmental record that will facilitate tests of hypotheses linking human physical and cultural evolution to environmental variation, by reconstructing climatic and landscape change across critical intervals of the last half-million years of human evolutionary history. The planned research is focused on Chew Bahir, a 5 km-deep sediment-filled rift basin in south Ethiopia, close to the important hominin fossil sites at Konso, Omo-Kibish, and east Turkana. Drilling will take place in November-December 2013, to a depth of 400 m, estimated to cover the last 500,000 years. Luminescence, radiocarbon, tephrochronology, palaeomagnetic, and 40Ar/39Ar dating methods will be used to determine the age range and time resolution of the cores. A multi-proxy approach, using sediment geochemistry, biomarker, isotope, pollen and diatoms, will be applied to reconstruct past changes in moisture balance, temperature and catchment vegetation. Statistical techniques will be used to define the most significant climate shifts and periods of maximum variability, and then used to model the natural selection of human populations, measured from regional densities of archaeological sites. Particular focus will be on the time period 135-125 ka in order to test the hypothesis that human range expansion out of Africa took place after a period of strong climatic variability. The Chew Bahir project is part of the larger Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP), supported by the International Continental Drilling Project (ICDP), by NSF (USA), and by DFG (Germany). The HSPDP involves deep drilling of lacustrine sediments at five globally-significant early hominin sites in Kenya and Ethiopia, including Chew Bahir. The combined core data from all five sites will allow comparison of 4 million years of environmental change with the record of human and mammalian evolution, extinction, cultural innovation, and geographic dispersal. The data will be used to evaluate models of climatic and tectonic forcing of environmental processes and landscape resources, and will facilitate testing of hypotheses linking climate variability to human origins, evolution, population change, extinction, and dispersal from Africa into Eurasia.

该提案寻求资金，用于东非更新世湖泊沉积物的地球物理调查和科学钻探以及随后的分析。该项目的目的是提供长期、连续和高分辨率的古环境记录，通过重建过去50万年人类进化史关键时期的气候和景观变化，便利检验将人类物质和文化进化与环境变化联系起来的假设。计划中的研究重点是Chew Bahir，这是埃塞俄比亚南部一个5公里深的沉积物填充的裂谷盆地，靠近Konso，Omo-Kibish和东Turkana的重要人类化石遗址。钻探将于2013年11月至12月进行，深度为400米，估计覆盖过去50万年。将使用发光、放射性碳、火山灰年代学、古地磁和40 Ar/39 Ar定年方法来确定岩心的年龄范围和时间分辨率。利用沉积物地球化学、生物标志物、同位素、花粉和硅藻，将采用多代用指标方法，重建过去水分平衡、温度和集水区植被的变化。统计技术将用于确定最显著的气候变化和最大变化时期，然后用于模拟人类人口的自然选择，从考古遗址的区域密度测量。特别重点将放在时间段135-125 ka，以测试的假设，即人类的范围扩大了非洲发生后，一段时间的强烈的气候变化。Chew Bahir项目是由国际大陆钻探项目（ICDP）、NSF（美国）和DFG（德国）支持的大型人类遗址和古湖泊钻探项目（HSPDP）的一部分。HSPDP涉及在肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的五个全球重要的早期人类遗址（包括Chew Bahir）进行深钻湖相沉积物。来自所有五个地点的综合核心数据将允许将400万年的环境变化与人类和哺乳动物的进化，灭绝，文化创新和地理分布的记录进行比较。这些数据将用于评估环境过程和景观资源的气候和构造作用力模型，并将有助于检验将气候变异与人类起源、进化、人口变化、灭绝和从非洲向欧亚大陆的扩散联系起来的假设。