The spatial epidemiology and molecular evolution of panzootic amphibian chytridiomycosis
全动物两栖动物壶菌病的空间流行病学和分子进化
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/K014455/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 40.54万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2013
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2013 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Modern-day amphibians are known to be suffering rates of extinction that far exceed any other class of vertebrates, including those experienced by mammals and birds, and nearly one third of amphibian species are threatened. The question of why amphibians are going extinct at these accelerated rates has puzzled scientists for three decades. A clue to the mystery came about when scientists working in Central America and Australia noted that the declines in amphibian biodiversity were spreading in a wave-like manner, from a point source. These patterns of decline were caused by an emerging infectious disease, and in 1997 researchers discovered the fungal pathogen and named it Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Since then, our research has been focused on finding out where the fungus is, where it is spreading to and what its effect is on amphibian biodiversity. We have made a mapping tool at www.bd-maps.net and this has shown that Bd occurs on all continents with amphibians. However, not all species and populations infected with Bd die, suggesting to us that there may be more than one strain (or lineage) of Bd and that these are not all equally destructive. Confirmation of this came when we used new whole genome sequencing technology to sequence isolates of Bd from around the world. We discovered three lineages of Bd, and showed that only one of them is responsible for mass mortalities and species declines. We named this lineage BdGPL for 'Bd Global Panzootic Lineage' and showed that it occured in Africa, Europe, Australia and America.Currently, several lines of argument suggest that BdGPL evolved in Africa. We will investigate this 'Bd Out-of-Africa' hypothesis by sequencing the genomes of Bd isolates widely across Africa and Europe, and undertaking fine-scale studies of the pathogens impact where it has been introduced into new environments. Our project will investigate both broad- and fine-scale processes, by characterising the genome diversity of Bd at the continental-level, but also focusing on fine-scale evolutionary patterns in Africa, the Pyrenees, the Alps and the UK. We will twin these genomic approaches with experimental approaches in order to determine whether invasive 'outbreak' lineages have altered their virulence and infectivity owing to accelerated evolution by the action of natural selection. Here, our expectation is that outbreak lineages that are adapting to new environments and hosts will have increased virulence and transmission rates when compared against the ancestral lineage in its original geographic background. These experiments will not only give us added certainty when determining the geographic origins of these infections, but will also allow us to assess why BdGPL is so much more virulent, and transmittable, than the other lineages of Bd.More widely, our research will inform us about the risk that new pathogens pose to uninfected environments. Currently, we are seeing many emerging pathogenic fungi causing untold destruction to forests, bats and frogs. Perhaps there are common processes that underlie these emergences of disease - not only global trade in infected goods but also genome-level processes that are unique to fungi? Projects such as that described here hold the key to answering these important questions before losses of biodiversity increase further.
众所周知,现代两栖动物的灭绝速度远远超过其他任何一类脊椎动物,包括哺乳动物和鸟类经历的灭绝速度,近三分之一的两栖动物物种受到威胁。为什么两栖动物会以如此快的速度灭绝,这个问题困扰了科学家们30年之久。当在中美洲和澳大利亚工作的科学家注意到,两栖动物生物多样性的下降正在以波浪式的方式从一个点源扩散时,这个谜团的线索就出现了。这种下降模式是由一种新出现的传染病引起的,1997年,研究人员发现了这种真菌病原体,并将其命名为巴氏杆菌(Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis)。从那时起,我们的研究一直专注于找出真菌在哪里,它正在传播到哪里,以及它对两栖动物生物多样性的影响。我们已经在www.bd-maps.net上制作了一个地图工具,这表明BD出现在所有有两栖动物的大陆上。然而,并不是所有感染Bd的物种和种群都会死亡,这向我们表明可能存在不止一种Bd菌株(或谱系),这些菌株(或谱系)并不都具有同等的破坏性。当我们使用新的全基因组测序技术对来自世界各地的BD分离株进行测序时,这一点得到了证实。我们发现了Bd的三种谱系,并表明其中只有一种是造成大规模死亡和物种减少的原因。我们将这一谱系命名为BdGPL,意为Bd Global Panzotic Lineage,并表明它发生在非洲、欧洲、澳大利亚和美洲。目前,有几种说法表明BdGPL是在非洲进化的。我们将通过对非洲和欧洲广泛存在的Bd分离株的基因组进行测序,并对其被引入新环境的病原体的影响进行精细的研究,来研究这一“Bd走出非洲”的假说。我们的项目将调查广泛和精细的过程,通过表征大陆水平的Bd基因组多样性,但也专注于非洲、比利牛斯山、阿尔卑斯山和英国的精细进化模式。我们将把这些基因组方法与实验方法结合起来,以确定入侵的“爆发”谱系是否由于自然选择的作用而加速进化而改变了它们的毒力和传染性。在这里,我们的预期是,与原始地理背景中的祖先谱系相比,正在适应新环境和宿主的疫情谱系将具有更高的毒力和传播率。这些实验不仅将使我们在确定这些感染的地理来源时更加确定,而且还将使我们能够评估为什么BdGPL比BD的其他血统更具毒性和传播性。更广泛地说,我们的研究将告诉我们新的病原体对未感染环境构成的风险。目前,我们看到许多新出现的病原真菌对森林、蝙蝠和青蛙造成了数不清的破坏。也许这些疾病的出现背后有共同的过程--不仅是全球受感染商品的贸易,还有真菌特有的基因组水平的过程?在生物多样性损失进一步增加之前,像这里所描述的这样的项目是回答这些重要问题的关键。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Consistency of Published Results on the Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Madagascar: Formal Comment on Kolby et al. Rapid Response to Evaluate the Presence of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Ranavirus in Wild Amphibian Populations in Madagascar.
- DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0135900
- 发表时间:2015
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.7
- 作者:Bletz MC;Rosa GM;Andreone F;Courtois EA;Schmeller DS;Rabibisoa NH;Rabemananjara FC;Raharivololoniaina L;Vences M;Weldon C;Edmonds D;Raxworthy CJ;Harris RN;Fisher MC;Crottini A
- 通讯作者:Crottini A
Microbiome function predicts amphibian chytridiomycosis disease dynamics.
- DOI:10.1186/s40168-021-01215-6
- 发表时间:2022-03-10
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:15.5
- 作者:Bates KA;Sommer U;Hopkins KP;Shelton JMG;Wierzbicki C;Sergeant C;Tapley B;Michaels CJ;Schmeller DS;Loyau A;Bosch J;Viant MR;Harrison XA;Garner TWJ;Fisher MC
- 通讯作者:Fisher MC
Host species vary in infection probability, sub-lethal effects, and costs of immune response when exposed to an amphibian parasite.
- DOI:10.1038/srep10828
- 发表时间:2015-05-29
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.6
- 作者:Bielby J;Fisher MC;Clare FC;Rosa GM;Garner TW
- 通讯作者:Garner TW
Islands within an island: Population genetic structure of the endemic Sardinian newt, Euproctus platycephalus.
- DOI:10.1002/ece3.2665
- 发表时间:2017-02
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.6
- 作者:Ball SE;Bovero S;Sotgiu G;Tessa G;Angelini C;Bielby J;Durrant C;Favelli M;Gazzaniga E;Garner TW
- 通讯作者:Garner TW
Amphibian chytridiomycosis outbreak dynamics are linked with host skin bacterial community structure.
- DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-02967-w
- 发表时间:2018-02-15
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:16.6
- 作者:Bates KA;Clare FC;O'Hanlon S;Bosch J;Brookes L;Hopkins K;McLaughlin EJ;Daniel O;Garner TWJ;Fisher MC;Harrison XA
- 通讯作者:Harrison XA
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Matthew Fisher其他文献
Scribal Authorship and the Writing of History in Medieval England
中世纪英国的抄写作者和历史书写
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2012 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Matthew Fisher - 通讯作者:
Matthew Fisher
Makers-in-Residence: an Apprenticeship Model for Supporting Pre-Service Elementary Teachers to Adopt Making Tools and Technologies
常驻创客:支持岗前小学教师采用制作工具和技术的学徒模式
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2022 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.5
- 作者:
Sara C. Heredia;Matthew Fisher - 通讯作者:
Matthew Fisher
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GLOBALIZATION AND FACTOR INCOME TAXATION
NBER 工作论文系列全球化与要素所得税
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2022 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
P. Bachas;Matthew Fisher;Anders Jensen;Gabriel - 通讯作者:
Gabriel
3D melt blowing of Elastollan thermoplastic polyurethane for tissue engineering applications: A pilot study
- DOI:
10.1016/j.mfglet.2024.09.043 - 发表时间:
2024-10-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Advay Pawar;Bruce Anderson;Behnam Pourdeyhimi;Amy L. McNulty;Matthew Fisher;Rohan Shirwaiker - 通讯作者:
Rohan Shirwaiker
3 DMatch : Learning Local Geometric Descriptors from RGB-D Reconstructions APPENDIX
3 DMatch:从 RGB-D 重建中学习局部几何描述符 附录
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2017 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Andy Zeng;Shuran Song;M. Nießner;Matthew Fisher;Jianxiong Xiao;T. Funkhouser - 通讯作者:
T. Funkhouser
Matthew Fisher的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Matthew Fisher', 18)}}的其他基金
Understanding the eco-evolutionary drivers of emerging antifungal resistance
了解新兴抗真菌耐药性的生态进化驱动因素
- 批准号:
NE/X00547X/1 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Understanding links between microbial communities and emerging fungal pathogens in complex ecosystem
了解复杂生态系统中微生物群落与新兴真菌病原体之间的联系
- 批准号:
NE/S000844/1 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
The evolutionary dynamics of multiazole resistance in pathogenic Aspergillus fungi
病原曲霉菌多唑抗性的进化动态
- 批准号:
NE/P001165/1 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
An evolutionary population genomics approach to determine the genetic basis of virulence in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans
一种确定致病真菌新型隐球菌毒力遗传基础的进化群体基因组学方法
- 批准号:
MR/K000373/1 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
IDR: Primary cilia as sensors of electric field during electrical stimulation induced hASC osteogenesis
IDR:初级纤毛作为电刺激诱导 hASC 成骨过程中电场的传感器
- 批准号:
1133427 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Quantifying the population-level cost of amphibian chytridiomycosis in a changing montane ecosystem
量化不断变化的山地生态系统中两栖动物壶菌病的人口水平成本
- 批准号:
NE/H017666/1 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Training Grant
RACE: Risk Assessment of Chytridiomycosis to European amphibian biodiversity
RACE:壶菌病对欧洲两栖动物生物多样性的风险评估
- 批准号:
NE/G001944/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Relationship between environmental, ecological and genetic drivers of emergence in amphibian chytridiomycosis.
两栖类壶菌病出现的环境、生态和遗传驱动因素之间的关系。
- 批准号:
NE/E006841/1 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
The Xenopus tropicalis response to infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
热带爪蟾对 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 感染的反应
- 批准号:
BB/E023207/1 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Relationship between environmental, ecological and genetic drivers of emergence in amphibian chytridiomycosis.
两栖类壶菌病出现的环境、生态和遗传驱动因素之间的关系。
- 批准号:
NE/E006701/1 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 40.54万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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