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Adaptive management of groundwater resources for small scale irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa (AMGRAF)

撒哈拉以南非洲小规模灌溉地下水资源的适应性管理 (AMGRAF)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L002019/1
负责人：
John Gowing
金额：
$ 8.42万
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL002019%2F1
关键词：
Adaptive management groundwater resources small

项目摘要

The volume of groundwater in Africa is more than 100 times the annual renewable freshwater resource and 20 times the amount of freshwater stored in lakes, but its productive use in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains low. Global abstraction of groundwater increased tenfold between 1950 and 2000 and contributed significantly to growth in irrigation particularly in Asia. The global area equipped for irrigation has been estimated as 301 Mha of which 38% depends on groundwater, but for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) only 5.7% of the irrigated area is supported by groundwater.Just as in Asia, rapid expansion of groundwater irrigation may be about to occur in SSA. Although evidence from Asia suggests that groundwater irrigation promotes greater inter-personal, inter-gender, inter-class and spatial equity than is found under large scale canal irrigation, there is a significant risk that rapid development of groundwater resources in SSA may lead to inequitable resource use. There is a need for research to deliver the evidence and appropriate tools to support sustainable resource management and to assure access to groundwater resources by poor people.This research will address the following questions:1: How and at what rate is groundwater being recharged? Deliverable: improved understanding of recharge processes at local and catchment scale; including consideration of influence of land use and water harvesting.2: Can a tool be developed to help decision makers manage the resource? Deliverable: tools developed and tested at local (community) and catchment scales to assist decision makers in managing groundwater resources.3: What are the implications of changes in land use? Deliverable: improved understanding of evidence base for influence of land use, water harvesting and green water flows on groundwater recharge.4: What are the implications of climate change? Deliverable: tools for downscaling climate data and constructing scenarios developed and likely influence on recharge processes investigated.5: How can policy and practice assure livelihood benefits for poor people? Deliverable: improved understanding of issues affecting access to and control of groundwater for productive use in irrigated agriculture.6: What governance approaches are most likely to deliver equitable and sustainable use of groundwater? Deliverable: participatory evaluation of institutional change required at local community level and at national/catchment level to achieve equitable and sustainable use of groundwater in irrigated agriculture.Preliminary research will be delivered over a 1 year period by a multi-disciplinary research team from Newcastle University and the International Water Management Institute together with local partners in Ethiopia, Ghana and South Africa. This will deliver a pilot study and build the research consortium. The pilot study in Ethiopia will address both technical and social/governance aspects of groundwater resource assessment and management from the regional to the local scale. Lake Tana basin has been selected as a suitable site. In parallel, additional exploratory research will be conducted in Ethiopia, Ghana and South Africa. Key stakeholders will be invited to participate in consultations at in-country workshops aimed at understanding current state of knowledge around groundwater resources. Critical knowledge gaps likely to influence design of follow-up research will be identified and in-country collaborators will be commissioned to carry out short term studies. At the end of the 1-year catalyst grant project collaborating scientists representing partners from SSA together with UNEW and IWMI will meet for 3-day workshop in Addis Ababa in order to review lessons learned and agree design of the follow-on 4-year research project.

非洲的地下水资源量是每年可再生淡水资源量的100多倍，是储存在湖泊中的淡水资源量的20倍，但撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)的生产性使用量仍然很低。1950年至2000年期间，全球地下水采集量增加了十倍，大大促进了灌溉的增长，特别是在亚洲。全球可供灌溉的面积估计为301兆公顷，其中38%依赖地下水，但撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)只有5.7%的灌溉面积由地下水支持。就像在亚洲一样，SSA可能即将出现地下水灌溉的快速扩张。尽管来自亚洲的证据表明，与大规模渠道灌溉相比，地下水灌溉促进了人与人之间、性别间、阶层间和空间上的公平，但在南沙地区快速开发地下水资源可能导致资源使用不公平的风险很大。有必要进行研究，以提供支持可持续资源管理的证据和适当的工具，并确保穷人获得地下水资源。这项研究将解决以下问题：1：地下水的补给方式和补给速度如何？交付成果：更好地了解当地和集水区规模的补给过程；包括考虑土地利用和水收集的影响2：能否开发工具来帮助决策者管理资源？可交付成果：在地方(社区)和集水区范围内开发和测试的工具，以协助决策者管理地下水资源。3：土地利用变化的影响是什么？成果：更好地了解土地利用、集水和绿水流动对地下水补给的影响的证据基础。4：气候变化的影响是什么？可交付成果：缩小气候数据的尺度，构建所制定的情景，并调查对补给过程可能产生的影响。5：政策和实践如何确保穷人的生计利益？可交付成果：更好地了解影响灌溉农业生产性使用地下水的获取和控制的问题。6：哪些治理办法最有可能实现地下水的公平和可持续利用？交付成果：在当地社区一级和国家/集水区一级对机构变革进行参与性评价，以实现灌溉农业中地下水的公平和可持续利用。来自纽卡斯尔大学和国际水管理研究所的多学科研究小组将与埃塞俄比亚、加纳和南非的当地合作伙伴一起，在一年时间内开展初步研究。这将提供一项试点研究，并建立研究联盟。埃塞俄比亚的试点研究将涉及从区域到地方的地下水资源评估和管理的技术和社会/治理方面。塔纳湖盆地已被选为合适的选址。同时，还将在埃塞俄比亚、加纳和南非进行更多的探索性研究。将邀请主要利益攸关方参加旨在了解目前地下水资源知识状况的国内讲习班的协商。将查明可能影响后续研究设计的关键知识差距，并将委托国内合作者进行短期研究。在为期一年的催化剂赠款项目结束时，代表南沙群岛合作伙伴的科学家将与联合国妇女署和国际水资源综合管理研究所一起在亚的斯亚贝巴举行为期三天的讲习班，以审查吸取的经验教训，并就后续四年研究项目的设计达成一致。