Geology to Metallurgy of Critical Rare Earths: sustainable development of Nd and HREE deposits

关键稀土的地质到冶金:Nd 和 HREE 矿床的可持续开发

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/L002280/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 12.31万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2013 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are used in many low carbon technologies, ranging from low energy lighting to permanent magnets in large wind turbines and hybrid cars. They are almost ubiquitous: in every smartphone and computer. Yet 97% of World supply comes from a few localities in China. Rare earth prices are volatile and subject to political control, and but substitute materials are difficult to design. The most problematic REEs to source are neodymium and the higher atomic number 'heavy' rare earths - a group dubbed the 'critical rare earths'. However, with many potential rare earth ore deposits in a wide variety of rocks, there is no underlying reason why rare earths should not be readily and relatively cheaply available. The challenge is to find and extract rare earths from the right locations in the most environmentally friendly, cost efficient manner to give a secure, reasonably priced, responsibly sourced supply. In this project, the UK's geological research experts in rare earth ore deposits team up with leaders in (a) geological fluid compositions and modelling, (b) using fundamental physics and chemistry of minerals to model processes from first principles and (c) materials engineering expertise in extractive metallurgy. This community brings expertise in carbonatites and alkaline rocks, some of the Earth's most extreme rock compositions, which comprise the majority of active exploration projects. The UK has a wealth of experience of study of economic deposits of rare earths (including the World's largest deposit at Bayan Obo in China) which will be harnessed. The team identify that a key issue is to understand the conditions that concentrate heavy rare earths but create deposits free from thorium and uranium that create radioactive tailings. Results so far from alkaline rocks and carbonatites are contradictory. A workshop will bring together the project team and partners, including a leading Canadian researcher on rare earth mobility, to debate the results and design experiments and modelling that can be done in the UK to solve this problem. Understanding, and then emulating how REE deposits form, may provide us with the best clues to extract REEs from their ores. One important route is to understand the clay-rich deposits in China which provide most of the World's heavy rare earths; they are simple to mine, not radioactive, and need little energy to process. The workshop will consider how these deposits form, how we can use our experimental and modelling expertise to understand them better and predict where companies should explore for them. The other main problem, restricting development of almost all rare earth projects, is the difficulty of efficient separation of rare earth ore minerals from each other and then extraction of the elements from those ores. A work shop on geometallurgy (linking geology through mining, processing, extractive metallurgy and behaviour in the environment) will be used to explore how geological knowledge can be used (a) to predict the processing and environmental characteristics of different types of ores and (b) to see if any new potential processing methods might be tried, taking advantage of fundamental mineralogical properties. The two workshops link geology to metallurgy, using one to inform the other. This project will form the basis for an international collaborative consortium bid to NERC. It will also catalyse a long-term UK multidisciplinary network linking rare earth researchers to users, and promote the profile of the UK in this world-wide important field.Before the team design the research programme, they will consult academic colleagues working on new applications of rare earths and rare earth recycling, plus exploration companies, users further along the up the supply chain and policy makers. This will ensure that the proposals developed have maximum impact on future supply chain security.
稀土元素(REE)用于许多低碳技术,从低能耗照明到大型风力涡轮机和混合动力汽车中的永磁体。它们几乎无处不在:在每一部智能手机和电脑中。然而,世界上97%的供应来自中国的几个地方。稀土价格不稳定,而且受到政治控制,但替代材料很难设计。最有问题的稀土来源是钕和原子序数更高的“重”稀土-一组被称为“关键稀土”。然而,由于许多潜在的稀土矿床存在于各种各样的岩石中,没有根本原因表明稀土不应该容易且相对便宜地获得。挑战在于以最环保、最具成本效益的方式从正确的地点寻找和提取稀土,以提供安全、价格合理、负责任的供应。在该项目中,联合王国的稀土矿床地质研究专家与(a)地质流体成分和建模方面的领导者合作,(B)利用矿物的基本物理和化学从第一原理建模过程,(c)提取冶金的材料工程专业知识。该社区带来了碳酸岩和碱性岩石的专业知识,这些岩石是地球上最极端的岩石成分,构成了大多数活跃的勘探项目。英国在研究稀土经济矿藏(包括世界上最大的存款在中国的巴彦敖包)方面有着丰富的经验,将加以利用。研究小组认为,一个关键问题是要了解浓缩重稀土的条件,但要创造不含钍和铀的矿床,这些矿床会产生放射性尾矿。到目前为止,碱性岩和碳酸岩的结果是矛盾的。一个研讨会将汇集项目团队和合作伙伴,包括加拿大一位领先的稀土流动性研究人员,讨论研究结果,设计实验和建模,可以在英国解决这个问题。了解并模拟稀土矿床的形成过程,可以为我们从矿石中提取稀土提供最好的线索。一个重要的途径是了解中国富含粘土的矿床,这些矿床提供了世界上大部分的重稀土;它们开采简单,没有放射性,加工需要很少的能源。研讨会将考虑这些矿床是如何形成的,我们如何利用我们的实验和建模专业知识来更好地了解它们,并预测公司应该在哪里勘探它们。制约几乎所有稀土项目发展的另一个主要问题是,难以有效地将稀土矿石矿物相互分离,然后从这些矿石中提取元素。将利用一个关于地质学的讲习班(将地质学与采矿、加工、提炼冶金学和环境行为联系起来)来探讨如何利用地质知识(a)预测不同类型矿石的加工和环境特性和(B)利用基本矿物学特性来探讨是否可以尝试任何新的潜在加工方法。这两个研讨会将地质学与冶金学联系起来,以一个为另一个提供信息。该项目将成为国际合作财团向NERC投标的基础。在设计研究计划之前,他们将咨询从事稀土新应用和稀土回收的学术界同仁,以及勘探公司、供应链上沿着的用户和政策制定者。这将确保制定的建议对未来供应链安全产生最大影响。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Towards sustainable processing of columbite group minerals: elucidating the relation between dielectric properties and physico-chemical transformations in the mineral phase.
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s41598-017-18272-3
  • 发表时间:
    2017-12-21
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.6
  • 作者:
    Sanchez-Segado S;Monti T;Katrib J;Kingman S;Dodds C;Jha A
  • 通讯作者:
    Jha A
A novel reductive alkali roasting of chromite ores for carcinogen-free Cr6+-ion extraction of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) - A clean route to chromium product manufacturing!
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123589
  • 发表时间:
    2021-02-05
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    13.6
  • 作者:
    Escudero-Castejon, Lidia;Taylor, James;Jha, Animesh
  • 通讯作者:
    Jha, Animesh
An investigation on hydrofluoric (HF) acid-free extraction for niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) from columbite/tantalite concentrates using alkali reductive roasting
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107183
  • 发表时间:
    2021-09-13
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.8
  • 作者:
    Ghambi, Steven;Sanchez-Segado, Sergio;Jha, Animesh
  • 通讯作者:
    Jha, Animesh
Influence of the Alkali-promoted phase transformation in monazite for selective recovery of rare-oxides using deep eutectic solvents
独居石中碱促进相变对使用低共熔溶剂选择性回收稀有氧化物的影响
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107564
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.8
  • 作者:
    Sanchez-Segado S
  • 通讯作者:
    Sanchez-Segado S
Comparative study of alkali roasting and leaching of chromite ores and titaniferous minerals
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.08.002
  • 发表时间:
    2016-10-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.7
  • 作者:
    Parirenyatwa, Stephen;Escudero-Castejon, Lidia;Jha, Animesh
  • 通讯作者:
    Jha, Animesh
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Frances Wall其他文献

Socio-economic impacts and sustainability of mining, a case study of the historical tin mining in Singkep Island-Indonesia
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.exis.2020.07.023
  • 发表时间:
    2020-11-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Rezki Syahrir;Frances Wall;Penda Diallo
  • 通讯作者:
    Penda Diallo
Europe's cobalt resource potential for supply to low-carbon vehicles
欧洲供应低碳汽车的钴资源潜力
  • DOI:
    10.1080/25726838.2019.1602956
  • 发表时间:
    2019
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    S. Horn;E. Petavratzi;Frances Wall;G. Gunn;Richard Shaw
  • 通讯作者:
    Richard Shaw
Life cycle assessment and water use impacts of lithium production from salar deposits: Challenges and opportunities
从盐沼矿床生产锂的生命周期评估和用水影响:挑战与机遇
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107554
  • 发表时间:
    2024-08-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    10.900
  • 作者:
    Rowan T. Halkes;Andrew Hughes;Frances Wall;Evi Petavratzi;Robert Pell;Jordan J. Lindsay
  • 通讯作者:
    Jordan J. Lindsay

Frances Wall的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Frances Wall', 18)}}的其他基金

UKRI Interdisciplinary Circular Economy Centre for Technology Metals (Met4Tech)
UKRI 跨学科金属技术循环经济中心 (Met4Tech)
  • 批准号:
    EP/V011855/1
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 12.31万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
SoS RARE: Multidisciplinary research towards a secure and environmentally sustainable supply of critical rare earth elements (Nd and HREE)
SoS RARE:多学科研究,致力于关键稀土元素(Nd 和 HREE)的安全和环境可持续供应
  • 批准号:
    NE/M011429/1
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 12.31万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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    2024
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Discovering the (R)Evolution of EurAsian Steppe Metallurgy: Social and environmental impact of the Bronze Age steppes metal-driven economy
发现欧亚草原冶金的(R)演变:青铜时代草原金属驱动型经济的社会和环境影响
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Travel Support for Students to Participate at the Additive Manufacturing with Powder Metallurgy Conference (AMPM2024); Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 16-19 June 2024
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Conference: 2023 Physical Metallurgy Gordon Research Conference and Seminar
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  • 批准号:
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