Integrating Macroecology and Modelling to Elucidate Regulation of Services from Ecosystems (IMMERSE)

整合宏观生态学和建模来阐明生态系统服务的监管（IMMERSE）

• 批准号: NE/L00299X/1
• 负责人: Michaela Schratzberger
• 金额: $ 49.03万
• 依托单位: Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL00299X%2F1
• 关键词: Integrating; Macroecology; Modelling; Elucidate; Regulation

Our knowledge of marine ecosystems is fragmented, and our ability to predict the consequences of various natural and human changes in those ecosystems is limited. To manage the marine environment we need to understand change and consequences of change over large areas and long time periods. In this project we will develop a whole-ecosystem approach to understand changes in marine ecosystems around the UK, and the services they provide. Ecosystem services are the benefits that human society derives from the environment. These include food, recycling of materials and well-being. Coastal and shelf marine ecosystems are biodiverse and complex. They are highly productive, bringing huge benefits to humans. They are also under enormous pressure from human drivers such as fishing and climate change. The role of ecological structure in supporting key ecosystem services is not fully understood. Ecosystem services cannot be measured simply, and they vary in importance and magnitude according to how they are defined and observed. Understanding the ecosystem processes governing the way that services vary naturally, and in response to human pressures, requires a computer-modelling approach. NERC has good models, but these have limited ability to predict change in all but the lowest levels of marine food webs. Several well-respected modelling approaches focusing on food webs and larger organisms such as fish and mammals are commonly used, but gaps in knowledge hamper the inclusion of whole food webs into models that consider environmental and food web changes together. This is due to the way marine food webs have generally been studied in their separate components, at different scales or for specific applications such as biogeochemistry or fisheries. We propose a highly integrated project to make best use of existing data spread among different data holders across the UK and beyond. The integrated data will be used for analyses based on the latest ecological theories to inform and improve a range of models. These models will be used collectively to examine changes in ecosystems and potential future consequences for the services they deliver. The geographical focus of the programme will be the western seas, from the western English Channel, through the Celtic and Irish Seas, to western Scotland, although relevant data from other parts of UK waters will be included where appropriate.The novelty of this project is in using recent technologies to combine existing datasets into an integrated system with new experiments and field work for a genuine whole ecosystem analysis from phytoplankton to fisheries at whole shelf scales. We will include this new knowledge in models to examine how energy and materials move within food webs and how these are influenced by pressures. Model outputs will be translated to the services across the range of scales needed to inform management decisions. The consortium brings together 28 key researchers from 10 UK organisations to integrate existing knowledge, data, models and new information, to allow us to understand how marine ecosystems will change in the future, and how those changes will alter the benefits humans derive from the marine environment. The project is part of a larger programme, and results and outputs will be crucial for supporting development of NERC's biogeochemical models, and application of model development to test the impact and efficiency of potential management interventions. The legacies of this project will include tools and combined datasets that will place the UK far ahead of the rest of the world in terms of our ability to conduct meaningful ecological and food web studies, and a world-leading capability to analyse and model whole ecosystems and understand the consequences of change in terms of ecosystems services.

我们对海洋生态系统的了解是支离破碎的，我们预测这些生态系统中各种自然和人类变化的后果的能力有限。为了管理海洋环境，我们需要了解大范围和长时间的变化以及变化的后果。在这个项目中，我们将开发一种全生态系统的方法来了解英国各地海洋生态系统的变化及其提供的服务。生态系统服务是人类社会从环境中获得的利益。这些问题包括食品、材料回收和福祉。沿海和陆架海洋生态系统具有生物多样性和复杂性。它们的生产力很高，给人类带来了巨大的好处。他们还面临着来自渔业和气候变化等人类驱动因素的巨大压力。生态结构在支持关键生态系统服务方面的作用还没有得到充分的认识。生态系统服务不能简单地衡量，它们的重要性和大小取决于它们的定义和观察方式。理解生态系统过程控制服务自然变化的方式，并应对人类压力，需要计算机建模方法。NERC有很好的模型，但除了最低水平的海洋食物网外，这些模型预测所有变化的能力有限。几种备受推崇的建模方法通常以食物网以及鱼类和哺乳动物等较大生物为重点，但知识上的差距阻碍了将整个食物网纳入同时考虑环境和食物网变化的模型。这是因为对海洋食物网的研究通常是在不同的尺度上，或针对生物地球化学或渔业等特定应用，对其单独成分进行研究的方式。我们提出了一个高度整合的项目，以最大限度地利用分布在英国及其他地区不同数据持有者之间的现有数据。综合数据将用于基于最新生态学理论的分析，以提供信息并改进一系列模型。这些模型将共同用于检查生态系统的变化及其所提供服务的潜在未来后果。该计划的地理重点将是西部海域，从英吉利海峡西部，经过凯尔特海和爱尔兰海，直到苏格兰西部，尽管适当时将包括来自英国水域其他部分的相关数据。该项目的创新之处在于利用最新技术将现有数据集与新的实验和实地工作结合成一个综合系统，以进行真正的从浮游植物到整个大陆架尺度渔业的整个生态系统分析。我们将把这一新知识包括在模型中，以研究能量和材料如何在食物网中移动，以及这些如何受到压力的影响。将把模型产出转化为为管理层决策提供信息所需的各种规模的服务。该联盟汇集了来自10个英国组织的28名关键研究人员，以整合现有的知识、数据、模型和新信息，使我们能够了解未来海洋生态系统将如何变化，以及这些变化将如何改变人类从海洋环境中获得的好处。该项目是一个更大方案的一部分，结果和产出对于支持开发国家环境研究中心的生物地球化学模型和应用模型开发以测试潜在管理干预措施的影响和效率至关重要。该项目的遗产将包括工具和组合数据集，这些工具和组合数据集将使英国在进行有意义的生态和食物网络研究方面远远领先于世界其他地区，以及世界领先的分析和建模整个生态系统并理解生态系统服务变化后果的能力。

项目成果

Biological trait profiles discriminate between native and non-indigenous marine invertebrates

生物特征谱区分本地和非本地海洋无脊椎动物

• DOI: 10.3391/ai.2021.16.4.01
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Aquatic Invasions
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Quell F

What's hot and what's not: Making sense of biodiversity 'hotspots'.

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15443
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Global change biology
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Thompson MSA;Couce E;Webb TJ;Grace M;Cooper KM;Schratzberger M
• 通讯作者: Schratzberger M

A generalised analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) statistic for designs with ordered factors

具有有序因子的设计的广义相似性分析 (ANOSIM) 统计量

• DOI: 10.1111/aec.13043
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Austral Ecology
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Somerfield P

Increasing nutrient stress reduces the efficiency of energy transfer through planktonic size spectra

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11613
• 发表时间: 2020-09-30
• 期刊: LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Atkinson, Angus;Lilley, Martin K. S.;Somerfield, Paul J.
• 通讯作者: Somerfield, Paul J.

Consistent concentrations of critically endangered Balearic shearwaters in UK waters revealed by at-sea surveys.

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7059
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Ecology and evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Phillips JA;Banks AN;Bolton M;Brereton T;Cazenave P;Gillies N;Padget O;van der Kooij J;Waggitt J;Guilford T
• 通讯作者: Guilford T