Integrating Macroecology and Modelling to Elucidate Regulation of Services from Ecosystems (IMMERSE)

整合宏观生态学和建模来阐明生态系统服务的监管（IMMERSE）

• 批准号: NE/L003082/1
• 负责人: Sarah Wanless
• 金额: $ 39.76万
• 依托单位: NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL003082%2F1
• 关键词: Integrating; Macroecology; Modelling; Elucidate; Regulation

Our knowledge of marine ecosystems is fragmented, and our ability to predict the consequences of various natural and human changes in those ecosystems is limited. To manage the marine environment we need to understand change and consequences of change over large areas and long time periods. In this project we will develop a whole-ecosystem approach to understand changes in marine ecosystems around the UK, and the services they provide. Ecosystem services are the benefits that human society derives from the environment. These include food, recycling of materials and well-being. Coastal and shelf marine ecosystems are biodiverse and complex. They are highly productive, bringing huge benefits to humans. They are also under enormous pressure from human drivers such as fishing and climate change. The role of ecological structure in supporting key ecosystem services is not fully understood. Ecosystem services cannot be measured simply, and they vary in importance and magnitude according to how they are defined and observed. Understanding the ecosystem processes governing the way that services vary naturally, and in response to human pressures, requires a computer-modelling approach. NERC has good models, but these have limited ability to predict change in all but the lowest levels of marine food webs. Several well-respected modelling approaches focusing on food webs and larger organisms such as fish and mammals are commonly used, but gaps in knowledge hamper the inclusion of whole food webs into models that consider environmental and food web changes together. This is due to the way marine food webs have generally been studied in their separate components, at different scales or for specific applications such as biogeochemistry or fisheries. We propose a highly integrated project to make best use of existing data spread among different data holders across the UK and beyond. The integrated data will be used for analyses based on the latest ecological theories to inform and improve a range of models. These models will be used collectively to examine changes in ecosystems and potential future consequences for the services they deliver. The geographical focus of the programme will be the western seas, from the western English Channel, through the Celtic and Irish Seas, to western Scotland, although relevant data from other parts of UK waters will be included where appropriate.The novelty of this project is in using recent technologies to combine existing datasets into an integrated system with new experiments and field work for a genuine whole ecosystem analysis from phytoplankton to fisheries at whole shelf scales. We will include this new knowledge in models to examine how energy and materials move within food webs and how these are influenced by pressures. Model outputs will be translated to the services across the range of scales needed to inform management decisions. The consortium brings together 28 key researchers from 10 UK organisations to integrate existing knowledge, data, models and new information, to allow us to understand how marine ecosystems will change in the future, and how those changes will alter the benefits humans derive from the marine environment. The project is part of a larger programme, and results and outputs will be crucial for supporting development of NERC's biogeochemical models, and application of model development to test the impact and efficiency of potential management interventions. The legacies of this project will include tools and combined datasets that will place the UK far ahead of the rest of the world in terms of our ability to conduct meaningful ecological and food web studies, and a world-leading capability to analyse and model whole ecosystems and understand the consequences of change in terms of ecosystems services

我们对海洋生态系统的了解是支离破碎的，我们预测这些生态系统中各种自然和人类变化的后果的能力是有限的。为了管理海洋环境，我们需要了解大范围和长时间的变化及其后果。在这个项目中，我们将开发一个整体生态系统的方法来了解英国海洋生态系统的变化，以及它们提供的服务。生态系统服务是人类社会从环境中获得的利益。这些包括食物、材料回收和健康。沿海和陆架海洋生态系统具有生物多样性和复杂性。它们的生产力很高，给人类带来了巨大的利益。它们还面临着来自渔业和气候变化等人类驱动因素的巨大压力。生态结构在支持关键生态系统服务中的作用尚未得到充分认识。生态系统服务不能简单地衡量，它们的重要性和大小因其定义和观察的方式而异。理解控制服务自然变化方式的生态系统过程，以及对人类压力的反应，需要一种计算机建模方法。NERC有很好的模型，但这些模型在预测海洋食物网最低层次以外的所有变化方面能力有限。几种关注食物网和大型生物（如鱼类和哺乳动物）的备受推崇的建模方法被广泛使用，但知识上的差距阻碍了将整个食物网纳入同时考虑环境和食物网变化的模型中。这是由于海洋食物网的研究方式通常是在其单独的组成部分，在不同的规模或特定的应用，如生物地球化学或渔业。我们提出了一个高度整合的项目，以充分利用英国和其他地区不同数据持有者之间的现有数据。综合数据将用于基于最新生态理论的分析，以告知和改进一系列模型。这些模型将共同用于检查生态系统的变化及其所提供服务的潜在未来后果。该计划的地理重点将是西部海域，从西英吉利海峡，通过凯尔特海和爱尔兰海，到苏格兰西部，尽管英国水域其他部分的相关数据将在适当的地方包括在内。该项目的新颖之处在于利用最新技术将现有数据集结合成一个综合系统，并进行新的实验和实地工作，以便在整个大陆架尺度上对从浮游植物到渔业的整个生态系统进行真正的分析。我们将把这些新知识纳入模型，以研究能量和材料如何在食物网中移动，以及它们如何受到压力的影响。模型产出将被转化为为管理决策提供信息所需的各种规模的服务。该联盟汇集了来自10个英国组织的28名主要研究人员，以整合现有的知识、数据、模型和新信息，使我们能够了解海洋生态系统在未来将如何变化，以及这些变化将如何改变人类从海洋环境中获得的利益。该项目是一个更大的方案的一部分，其结果和产出对于支助发展NERC的生物地球化学模型和应用模型开发来测试潜在管理干预措施的影响和效率将是至关重要的。该项目的遗产将包括工具和综合数据集，这些工具和数据集将使英国在开展有意义的生态和食物网研究的能力方面远远领先于世界其他国家，并具有世界领先的分析和模拟整个生态系统以及了解生态系统服务变化后果的能力

项目成果

MOESM1 of Sympatric Atlantic puffins and razorbills show contrasting responses to adverse marine conditions during winter foraging within the North Sea

同域大西洋海鹦和剃刀嘴鸟的 MOESM1 在北海冬季觅食期间对不利海洋条件表现出截然不同的反应

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.10117082
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Glew K

Sublethal effects of natural parasitism act through maternal, but not paternal, reproductive success in a wild population.

自然寄生的亚致死效应通过野生种群中母系而非父系的繁殖成功而发挥作用。

• DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2772
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Hicks O

Effects of body size, sex, parental care and moult strategies on auk diving behaviour outside the breeding season

• DOI: 10.1111/jav.02012
• 发表时间: 2019-07-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Dunn, Ruth E.;Wanless, Sarah;Daunt, Francis
• 通讯作者: Daunt, Francis

Improving assessments of data-limited populations using life-history theory

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13863
• 发表时间: 2021-05-05
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Horswill, Cat;Manica, Andrea;Matthiopoulos, Jason
• 通讯作者: Matthiopoulos, Jason

A year in the life of a North Atlantic seabird: behavioural and energetic adjustments during the annual cycle

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62842-x
• 发表时间: 2020-04-07
• 期刊: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Dunn, Ruth E.;Wanless, Sarah;Green, Jonathan A.
• 通讯作者: Green, Jonathan A.