Impact of sequence of extreme storms during 2013/14 winter on southwest coast of England

在2013/2014冬季，英格兰西南海岸经历了前所未有的一系列非常高能量的波浪条件，包括4个极高能量和命名的风暴。根据英国气象局的数据，2014年1月6日的大力神风暴仅是1：5到1：10年的海浪事件，而2014年2月5日的风暴佩特拉可能是过去50年来对德文郡和康沃尔南部海岸造成的最具破坏性的风暴。此外，对模拟和测量的波浪数据的分析表明，从2013年12月中旬到2014年2月10日的8周风暴序列代表了自1950年以来袭击英格兰西南海岸的最活跃的波浪周期，因此至少代表了1：60年一次的事件。这些大西洋风暴对英格兰西南海岸的集体影响是巨大的，媒体对这些事件的广泛报道明显表明了这一点。海岸景观的许多变化可能是永久性的，对海岸基础设施的破坏需要数月和数千万GB的S来修复。这项紧急建议旨在评估这一系列极端风暴对英格兰西南部海岸物理和人类环境的影响，并评估该地区对这种极端大西洋风暴的脆弱性。这个话题是及时和相关的，因为英国气象局预测，由于气候变化，这种能量波条件在未来将变得更加频繁。拟议研究的紧急部分将是记录风暴的直接影响和收集风暴后恢复的基线数据集；赠款的后续方面包括分析现场数据、对海浪条件进行数值模拟，以及评估沿海环境对这种极端海浪事件的脆弱性和恢复力。研究区域包括康沃尔公国以及萨默塞特郡、德文郡和多塞特县的海岸线，并从北部的韦斯顿-超级马雷延伸到东南部的伯恩茅斯，但研究的重点将放在德文郡和康沃尔的海岸线上。研究项目包括五个工作包：(1)海岸监测，包括测量极端风暴在英格兰西南部大量地点(&gt；25)造成的物理变化；(2)在康沃尔北部和南部选定的两个地点进行水深测量，以确定风暴对潮下带的影响和被侵蚀的海滩沉积物的命运；(3)结合采访、媒体分析和社会网络分析，在英格兰西南部约10个地点捕捉当地社区和责任机构的直接经验；(4)波浪分析和模拟，研究风暴波浪场的空间变异性，并将2013/2014年冬季与往年进行比较；以及(5)以GoogleEarth为平台，构建英格兰西南海岸的大西洋风暴海岸影响图，其中包括与2013/14年冬季风暴有关的海岸影响(物理和人类影响)的广泛目录，以及对强迫波条件的全面概述。这项为期12个月的项目将由海岸过程研究小组和普利茅斯大学海洋和海岸政策研究中心的研究人员实施，西南区域海岸监测计划和英国气象局作为项目合作伙伴。该项目的六个主要成果是：(1)与公众互动的项目网站和Facebook页面；(2)《地理杂志》向A-Level学生传播研究成果的文章；(3)至少一次国际会议报告；(4)至少一篇科学期刊论文；(5)大西洋风暴海岸影响图；(6)为期一天的利益攸关方讲习班，将不同的沿海利益攸关方聚集在一个互动论坛上。

During the 2013/2014 winter, the southwest coast of England experienced an unprecedented sequence of very energetic wave conditions, including 4 extremely energetic and named storms. According to the Met Office, the storm Hercules on 6 January 2014 was a 1:5 to 1:10 year wave event alone, whereas the storm Petra on 5 February 2014 was probably the most damaging storm in terms of coastal impact on the south coast of Devon and Cornwall for the last 50 years. Furthermore, analysis of modelled and measured wave data shows that the 8-week sequence of storms from mid-December 2013 to 10 February 2014 represents the most energetic period of waves to have hit the southwest coast of England since 1950, and thus represents at least a 1:60 year event. The collective impact of these Atlantic storms on the southwest coast of England has been enormous and this has been made obvious by the extensive media coverage of these events. Many changes to the coastal landscape are likely to be permanent and damage to coastal infrastructure will take months and tens of millions of £'s to repair.This Urgency Proposal aims to assess the impacts of this sequence of extreme storms on both the physical and human coastal environment in the southwest of England, and evaluate the vulnerability of this region to such extreme Atlantic storms. The topic is timely and relevant, because the Met Office predicts that such energetic wave conditions will become more frequent in the future due to climate change. The urgency part of the proposed research will be the recording of direct storm impacts and the collection of a baseline data set for post-storm recovery; the follow-up aspects of the grant include the analysis of the field data, numerical modelling of the wave conditions, and assessment of the vulnerability and resilience of the coastal environment to such extreme wave events.The study area includes the coastlines of the Duchy of Cornwall and the Counties of Somerset, Devon and Dorset, and extends from Weston-super-Mare in the north to Bournemouth in the southeast, but the emphasis of the study will be on the coastline of Devon and Cornwall. The research project consists of five work packages: (1) coastal monitoring, involving the measurement of the physical changes caused by the extreme storms on a large number of sites (> 25) in the southwest of England; (2) bathymetric surveys at two selected sites on the north and south Cornish coast to determine storm impacts in the subtidal zone and the fate of the eroded beach sediments; (3) capturing the immediate experiences of local communities and responsible agencies using a combination of interviews, media analysis and social network analysis at c. 10 sites in the southwest of England; (4) wave analysis and modelling to investigate the spatial variability in the storm wave field and compare the 2013/2014 winter period with previous years; and (5) constructing a Atlantic Storm Coastal Impact Map for the southwest coast of England, using GoogleEarth as the platform, that represents an extensive catalogue of the coastal impacts (physical and human) related to the 2013/14 winter storm period, as well as a comprehensive overview of the forcing wave conditions.This 12-month project will be carried out by researchers of the Coastal Processes Research Group and the Marine and Coastal Policy Research Centre at Plymouth University, with the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme and the Met Office as project partners.The six key outputs of the project are: (1) project website and facebook page to engage with the public; (2) article for Geography Journal to disseminate the research finding to A-level students; (3) at least one international conference presentation; (4) at least one scientific journal paper; (5) Atlantic Storm Coastal Impact Map; and (6) a one-day Stakeholder Workshop to bring together the various coastal stakeholders in an interactive forum.