Satellite data for weather index insurance: scaling out (SatWIN-Scale)

非洲农民易受气候相关风险的影响。由于无法获得传统保险，这一问题更加严重。减轻风险的另一种方法是天气指数保险（WII）。WII不是为已证实的农业损失提供保险，而是在天气指数被突破的情况下进行赔付。虽然原则上可以向非洲数百万农民提供WII，但直到最近，大多数计划只覆盖了少数居住在雨量计附近的人。遥感气象数据，如TAMSAT卫星的降雨量估计，提供了一种手段，可将WII推广到居住地离雨量计较远的农民。通过一个PURE联营公司项目（SatWIN），保险机构MicroEnsure与阅读大学的TAMSAT小组合作，在上一个雨季将WII推广到非洲约44 500名农民。试点计划的成功为在国家一级实施WII提供了机会，明年将从赞比亚的20万农民开始。然而，将WII的提供扩大到这种程度，涉及对金融和农业部门标准商业惯例的重大破坏。此外，为了以负责任和商业上可持续的方式进行扩展，必须解决若干科学和技术问题。因此，至关重要的是，TAMSAT和MicroEnsure在SatWIN成功的基础上继续密切合作。尽管如此，应当指出，该项目针对的是更广泛的非洲金融和农业部门，因此其成果的相关性超出了小额保险。拟议的项目将制定一种新的方法和一套相关工具，为世界信息基础设施政策定价，其中考虑到与扩大规模有关的风险多样化。除了商业利益外，国家规模的WII还可能加强灾害应对，天气指数可作为提供援助的触发因素。为此目的实施WII需要关于区域范围内天气指数与农业风险之间联系的准确信息。因此，拟议项目的调查结果将为负责应对人道主义灾难的决策者提供宝贵的信息。保险天气指数和损失之间的区域规模联系也是金融业感兴趣的，他们需要关于客户面临的天气相关风险的可靠信息，以判断他们的信誉并设计捆绑的WII/贷款产品。在TAMSAT/MicroEnsure伙伴关系范围内，拟议的工作将把联合收割机基础环境科学与卫星应用结合起来-最终造福于世界上一些最贫穷的人。[Cut并从申请表第4节粘贴]

Farmers in Africa are vulnerable to climate-related risk. This is exacerbated by a lack of access to traditional insurance. An alternative method of mitigating risk is weather index insurance (WII). Rather than insuring a proven agricultural loss, WII pays out in the event of a weather index being breached. Although, in principle, WII could be provided to millions of farmers in Africa, until recently, most schemes have covered only the few who live near a rain gauge. Remotely sensed weather data, such as the TAMSAT satellite-based rainfall estimates, provide a means of extending WII to farmers who do not live near a rain gauge. Through a PURE associates project (SatWIN), insurance agency MicroEnsure partnered with the TAMSAT group at the University of Reading to extend WII to ~44,500 farmers in Africa, during the last rainy seasons. The success of the pilot schemes has opened opportunities to implement WII at a national level, starting with 200,000 farmers in Zambia next year. Expanding (scaling out) the provision of WII to this extent however, involves significant disruption to standard business practices, both for the financial and agricultural sectors. For an expansion to be undertaken in a responsible and commercially sustainable manner, moreover, several scientific and technological issues must be addressed. It is thus critical that TAMSAT and MicroEnsure continue to engage closely, building on the success of SatWIN. Notwithstanding this, it should be noted that this project targets the wider African financial and agricultural sectors, and the outcomes are thus relevant beyond MicroEnsure. The proposed project will develop a new methodology and associated set of tools for pricing WII policies that takes into account the diversification of risk associated with scaling out. Beyond commercial benefit, national-scale WII could potentially enhance disaster response, with weather indices acting as a trigger for provision of aid. The implementation of WII for this purpose requires accurate information about the links between weather indices and agricultural risk at regional scale. The findings of the proposed project will thus provide valuable information to policy makers tasked with responding to humanitarian disaster. The regional scale links between insured weather indices and losses are also of interest to the financial industry, who need robust information on the weather-related risk that their customers face, to judge their credit-worthiness and design bundled WII/loan products. Within the TAMSAT/MicroEnsure partnership, the proposed work will combine fundamental environmental science with satellite applications - ultimately, for the benefit of some of the poorest people in the world. [Cut and paste from section 4 of the application form]