CO-ORDINATING AND PUMP-PRIMING INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS FOR DIRECT MONITORING OF ACTIVE TURBIDITY CURRENTS AT GLOBAL 'TEST SITES'

协调并推动国际努力直接监测全球“试验点”的主动浊度流

• 批准号: NE/M017540/2
• 负责人: Peter Talling
• 金额: $ 36.29万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM017540%2F2
• 关键词: CO; ORDINATING; PUMP; PRIMING; INTERNATIONAL

Turbidity currents are the volumetrically most import process for sediment transport on our planet. A single submarine flow can transport ten times the annual sediment flux from all of the world's rivers, and they form the largest sediment accumulations on Earth (submarine fans). These flows break strategically important seafloor cable networks that carry > 95% of global data traffic, including the internet and financial markets, and threaten expensive seabed infrastructure used to recover oil and gas. Ancient flows form many deepwater subsurface oil and gas reservoirs in locations worldwide. It is sobering to note quite how few direct measurements we have from submarine flows in action, which is a stark contrast to other major sediment transport processes such as rivers. Sediment concentration is the most fundamental parameter for documenting what turbidity currents are, and it has never been measured for flows that reach submarine fans. How then do we know what type of flow to model in flume tanks, or which assumptions to use to formulate numerical or analytical models? There is a compelling need to monitor flows directly if we are to make step changes in understanding. The flows evolve significantly, such that source to sink data is needed, and we need to monitor flows in different settings because their character can vary significantly. This project will coordinate and pump-prime international efforts to monitor turbidity currents in action. Work will be focussed around key 'test sites' that capture the main types of flows and triggers. The objective is to build up complete source-to-sink information at key sites, rather than producing more incomplete datasets in disparate locations. Test sites are chosen where flows are known to be active - occurring on annual or shorter time scale, where previous work provides a basis for future projects, and where there is access to suitable infrastructure (e.g. vessels). The initial test sites include turbidity current systems fed by rivers, where the river enters marine or freshwater, and where plunging ('hyperpycnal') river floods are common or absent. They also include locations that produce powerful flows that reach the deep ocean and build submarine fans. The project is novel because there has been no comparable network established for monitoring turbidity currentsNumerical and laboratory modelling will also be needed to understand the significance of the field observations, and our aim is also to engage modellers in the design and analysis of monitoring datasets. This work will also help to test the validity of various types of model. We will collect sediment cores and seismic data to study the longer term evolution of systems, and the more infrequent types of flow. Understanding how deposits are linked to flows is important for outcrop and subsurface oil and gas reservoir geologists.This proposal is timely because of recent efforts to develop novel technology for monitoring flows that hold great promise. This suite of new technology is needed because turbidity currents can be extremely powerful (up to 20 m/s) and destroy sensors placed on traditional moorings on the seafloor. This includes new sensors, new ways of placing those sensors above active flows or in near-bed layers, and new ways of recovering data via autonomous gliders. Key preliminary data are lacking in some test sites, such as detailed bathymetric base-maps or seismic datasets. Our final objective is to fill in key gaps in 'site-survey' data to allow larger-scale monitoring projects to be submitted in the future.This project will add considerable value to an existing NERC Grant to monitor flows in Monterey Canyon in 2014-2017, and a NERC Industry Fellowship hosted by submarine cable operators. Talling is PI for two NERC Standard Grants, a NERC Industry Fellowship and NERC Research Programme Consortium award. He is also part of a NERC Centre, and thus fulfils all four criteria for the scheme.

浊流是地球上体积最重要的沉积物输运过程。一次海底水流就可以输送十倍于世界上所有河流的年沉积物流量，它们形成了地球上最大的沉积物堆积（海底扇）。这些流动破坏了具有重要战略意义的海底电缆网络，这些网络承载了全球95%以上的数据流量，包括互联网和金融市场，并威胁到用于开采石油和天然气的昂贵海底基础设施。古水流在世界各地形成了许多深水地下油气藏。令人清醒地注意到，我们对海底流动的直接测量非常少，这与河流等其他主要沉积物运输过程形成鲜明对比。沉积物浓度是记录浊流是什么的最基本参数，它从来没有被测量过到达海底扇的水流。那么，我们如何知道在水槽中模拟哪种类型的水流，或者使用哪些假设来制定数值或分析模型？如果我们要在理解方面取得进展，就迫切需要直接监测流动。这些流量会发生显著的变化，因此需要源到汇的数据，我们需要监控不同设置中的流量，因为它们的特性可能会有很大的不同。该项目将协调和推动国际努力，监测行动中的浊流。工作将集中在捕捉主要类型的流和触发器的关键“测试点”。其目标是在关键地点建立完整的从源到汇的信息，而不是在不同地点产生更不完整的数据集。试验地点选择在已知水流活跃的地方-每年或较短时间尺度上发生，以前的工作为今后的项目提供了基础，并且可以使用适当的基础设施（例如船只）。最初的试验地点包括河流的浊流系统，河流进入海洋或淡水，以及常见或不存在的暴跌（'hyperpycnal'）河流洪水。它们还包括产生强大水流的地点，这些水流到达深海并建造海底扇。该项目是新颖的，因为还没有建立类似的网络来监测浊流，还需要数值和实验室建模来了解现场观测的重要性，我们的目标也是让建模人员参与监测数据集的设计和分析。这项工作也将有助于测试各种类型的模型的有效性。我们将收集沉积物岩心和地震数据，以研究系统的长期演变和更罕见的流动类型。了解沉积物与流动之间的联系对于露头和地下油气藏地质学家来说非常重要。这一建议非常及时，因为最近正在努力开发具有巨大前景的流动监测新技术。之所以需要这套新技术，是因为浊流可能非常强大（高达20米/秒），会破坏放置在海底传统系泊设备上的传感器。这包括新的传感器，将这些传感器放置在活动流上方或近床层的新方法，以及通过自主滑翔机恢复数据的新方法。一些试验地点缺乏关键的初步数据，如详细的测深底图或地震数据集。我们的最终目标是填补“现场调查”数据中的关键空白，以便将来提交更大规模的监测项目。该项目将为现有的NERC赠款增加相当大的价值，以监测2014-2017年蒙特雷峡谷的流量，以及由海底电缆运营商主办的NERC行业奖学金。塔林是PI的两个NERC标准赠款，NERC行业奖学金和NERC研究计划联盟奖。他也是NERC中心的一部分，因此符合该计划的所有四个标准。

项目成果

Newly recognized turbidity current structure can explain prolonged flushing of submarine canyons.

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700200
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: Science advances
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Azpiroz-Zabala M;Cartigny MJB;Talling PJ;Parsons DR;Sumner EJ;Clare MA;Simmons SM;Cooper C;Pope EL
• 通讯作者: Pope EL

Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences - 7th International Symposium

潜艇质量运动及其后果 - 第七届国际研讨会

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_14
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Krastel S

A General Model for the Helical Structure of Geophysical Flows in Channel Bends

• DOI: 10.1002/2017gl075721
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: M. Azpiroz-Zabala;M. Cartigny;E. Sumner;M. Clare;P. Talling;D. Parsons;C. Cooper

Which Triggers Produce the Most Erosive, Frequent, and Longest Runout Turbidity Currents on Deltas?

• DOI: 10.1002/2017gl075751
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: J. Hizzett;J. Clarke;E. Sumner;M. Cartigny;P. Talling;M. Clare

Complex and Cascading Triggering of Submarine Landslides and Turbidity Currents at Volcanic Islands Revealed From Integration of High-Resolution Onshore and Offshore Surveys

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2018.00223
• 发表时间: 2018-09
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: M. Clare;T. Le Bas;D. Price;J. Hunt;D. Sear;M. Cartigny;A. Vellinga;W. Symons;C. Firth;S. Cronin