权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The role of trade-offs in the evolution of senescence

权衡在衰老进化中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
NE/M018458/1
负责人：
Roberto Salguero-Gomez
金额：
$ 61.61万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM018458%2F1
关键词：
role trade offs evolution senescence

项目摘要

Spoiler alert: we are all going to die! Death is certain in all organisms: from bacteria, to us humans, and to the millenarian Bristlecone pines. However, the driving question in ageing research is not so much the end point, death, but rather what happens to our bodies before we reach that destination. Specifically, why do we become more fragile and decrepit prior to death? This increase in mortality risk and decline in fertility with age, known as senescence, has a strong influence on our lifetime agenda: the age at which we graduate from school, are expected to get married and have babies, get a permanent job and retire from it, to mention just a few. All of these are critical events in our lives that are established by governments using, among others, estimates of senescence rates of each country's human populations. When senescence is a bit slower, as in Northern European countries, and governments start to contemplate the idea of reducing the number of work hours per week while postponing the age at retirement, as it is currently being hotly debated in Germany and Denmark.Get ready to be jealous: it turns out that senescence is not universal! Some animals and plants out there do not experience it. Yet, since the early inception of ageing research, the main theories to explain the occurrence of senescence have treated senescence itself as unavoidable and unescapable. My colleagues and I have recently disproved this fundamental tenet of life history theory in a publication in Nature. We have shown that, in fact, most plants and many animal species do not become more decrepit as they age. This finding drastically reshapes the direction that ageing research has taken historically. It is indeed a particularly exciting time to partake in ageing research because our finding has provoked a paradigm shift, forcing ageing research to move on from the question "Why do we senesce?" towards "Why and how do some species senesce but others do not?".Do you wish to understand why we humans age? How about stepping away for a bit and examining how other species manage to escape senescence? My research will examine the mechanisms by which animal and plant species senesce or escape senescence. I will determine the aspects of a species' anatomy, physiology, habitat and evolutionary history that make it more or less vulnerable to ageing. To do so, I will examine the roles of physiological and macro-evolutionary trade-offs in the evolution or escape of senescence across the tree of life examining senescence trajectories in over 2000 animal and plant species from a database that I have developed in the last decade, and a set of long-term demographic datasets of species with complex life histories such as carnivorous plants or orchids with the ability of long-term dormancy (like a bear). Findings from this research are likely to pinpoint the habitats, abiotic conditions and features of taxonomic groups that allow species to operate at high performance levels for longer.

剧透警告：我们都要死了！死亡是所有生物的必然：从细菌到我们人类，再到千年的狐尾松。然而，衰老研究中的驱动问题并不是终点，死亡，而是在我们到达目的地之前我们的身体会发生什么。具体来说，为什么我们在死前会变得更加脆弱和衰老？随着年龄的增长，死亡风险增加，生育率下降，被称为衰老，对我们的一生议程有很大的影响：我们从学校毕业的年龄，预计结婚生子，找到一份固定工作并退休，仅举几例。所有这些都是我们生活中的关键事件，这些事件是由政府使用，除其他外，每个国家人口衰老率的估计来确定的。在北方国家，衰老的速度慢一些，政府开始考虑减少每周工作时间，同时推迟退休年龄的想法，这是目前在德国和丹麦激烈讨论的问题。准备好嫉妒吧：原来衰老不是普遍的！有些动物和植物没有经历过衰老，然而，自从衰老研究的早期开始，解释衰老发生的主要理论都认为衰老本身是不可避免的。我和我的同事最近在《自然》杂志上发表文章，反驳了生命史理论的这一基本原则。我们已经证明，事实上，大多数植物和许多动物物种并没有随着年龄的增长而变得更加衰老。这一发现极大地改变了老龄化研究的历史方向。参与衰老研究确实是一个特别令人兴奋的时刻，因为我们的发现引发了范式转变，迫使衰老研究从“我们为什么会衰老？”为什么有些物种会衰老，而另一些物种却不会？“你想知道我们人类为什么会衰老吗？不如我们离开一点，看看其他物种是如何逃脱衰老的？我的研究将探讨动物和植物物种衰老或逃避衰老的机制。我将确定一个物种的解剖学、生理学、栖息地和进化历史的各个方面，这些方面使它或多或少地容易衰老。要做到这一点，我将研究生理和宏观进化权衡的作用，在整个生命之树的进化或衰老的逃逸检查衰老轨迹在2000多个动物和植物物种从一个数据库，我已经开发了在过去的十年，以及一组具有复杂生活史的物种的长期人口统计数据集，如食肉植物或兰花，术语休眠（像熊一样）。这项研究的结果可能会查明栖息地，非生物条件和分类群体的特征，使物种能够在高性能水平上运行更长时间。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

MOSAIC - A Unified Trait Database to Complement Structured Population Models.

DOI：
10.1038/s41597-023-02070-w
发表时间：
2023-06-01
期刊：
SCIENTIFIC DATA
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Bernard, Connor;Santos, Gabriel Silva;Deere, Jacques A.;Rodriguez-Caro, Roberto;Capdevila, Pol;Kusch, Erik;Gascoigne, Samuel J. L.;Jackson, John;Salguero-Gomez, Roberto
通讯作者：
Salguero-Gomez, Roberto

Erosion of global functional diversity across the tree of life.

DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.abf2675
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
Science advances
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Carmona CP;Tamme R;Pärtel M;de Bello F;Brosse S;Capdevila P;González-M R;González-Suárez M;Salguero-Gómez R;Vásquez-Valderrama M;Toussaint A
通讯作者：
Toussaint A

Transient demographic approaches can drastically expand the toolbox of coral reef science