NUMERICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL STUDIES OF OLFACTION

建议利用流体力学的工程原理进行研究 和传质来研究嗅觉功能和 在大鼠和人类鼻腔中依赖鼻腔的功能障碍 解剖、气味溶解、化学反应、空气流动和扩散。 我们将构建一个50倍放大的大鼠鼻腔模型，并 在这个大型模型和真实模型之间建立流体力学相似性 大鼠鼻腔无因次Reynolds和Strouhal的匹配 介于两者之间的数字。我们将在里面进行速度测量 模拟大鼠嗅觉实验条件下的模型 在项目2中进行。我们还将继续制作速度剖面 我们介绍了我们的大型人体鼻腔模型的测量结果 颈椎病不同临床条件下的解剖变异特征 项目1和项目1中获得的结果表明嗅觉障碍 在其他各种项目中。在进行这些测量的同时 在大比例物理模型方面，我们将继续发展三维有限元 嗅觉质量输运方面的单元数值模式 老鼠和人类。数值模型将通过比较它们的 对物理实验测量结果的预测 模特们。数值模型将使我们能够研究所有的导电 通过改变鼻腔相对较快地改善嗅觉功能障碍 空洞几何形状、粘液深度和化学成分，以及气味 空气-粘液界面的浓度边界条件。团结在一起， 物理和数值鼻腔模型构成了一种强大的新 调查功能障碍的方法将与 建议书中的其他项目。

Research is proposed to use the engineering principles of fluid mechanics and mass transfer to investigate those aspects of olfactory function and dysfunction, in the rat and human nasal cavity, that depend on nasal cavity anatomy, odorant solubility, chemical reaction, air flow, and diffusion. We will construct a 50x enlarged scale model of the rat nasal cavity and establish fluid mechanical similarity between this large model and the real rat nasal cavity by matching the dimensionless Reynolds and Strouhal numbers between the two. We will make velocity measurements inside this model under conditions simulating the rat sniff experiments being conducted in project #2. We will also continue to make velocity profile measurements in our large scale human nasal cavity model as we introduce anatomic variations in it characteristic of various clinical condiitons of olfactory dysfunction suggested by the results obtained in project #1 and in the various other projects. Simultaneously with these measurements in the large scale physical models, we will continue to develop 3-D finite element numerical models of the mass transport aspects of olfaction in the rat and human. The numerical models will be validated by comparing their predictions tot he experimental measurements obtained in the physical models. The numerical models will allow us to investigate all conductive aspects of olfactory dysfunction relatively quickly by changing nasal cavity geometry, mucus depth and chemical composition, and odorant concentration boundary condition at the air-mucus interface. Together, the physical and numerical nasal cavity models constitute a powerful new approach to investigating dysfunction which will interface closely with the other projects in the proposal.