Refinement of techniques and evaluation of options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant production systems in Brazil and the UK

改进技术并评估减少巴西和英国反刍动物生产系统温室气体排放的方案

• 批准号: NE/N000935/1
• 负责人: Bob Rees
• 金额: $ 3.95万
• 依托单位: Scotland's Rural College
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN000935%2F1
• 关键词: Refinement; techniques; evaluation; options; reduce

Methane emissions from ruminant livestock make up a significant proportion of the emissions of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. Reductions of emissions from this sector depend heavily on improvements in measurements on which to base mitigation strategies. The UK and Brazil are currently developing state -of-the -art facilities for the measurement of methane from livestock using a range of experimental approaches. As a consequence o f the high priority linked to this research, the science is developing rapidly, and international collaboration is a highly affective route to accelerating progress.Development and standardisation of methods for measuring methane emissions under a wide range of conditions (grazing/indoors; high- and low-production intensity; feed/fertiliser imported into the systems or not) is the first issue to consider in this project. This requires exchange of researchers to gain experience of the different methods and production systems. Researchers will work alongside ongoing studies using the various methane emissions measurements systems in:UK: respiration chambers; 'sniffer' hoods; laser methane gun; and methane proxies (work on methanogen membrane lipids and hydrogen isotopic fractionation).Brazil: extensive systems and crop-livestock-forestry systems measurements (enteric methane using SF6 tracer technique, soil N2O, CH4 and CO2 using static closed chamber method) in the Pecus Network.Specific objectives of the work on methane methods are:Standardisation of methodologies for measuring methane emissions from housed and grazing cattle in the UK and Brazil. Bringing together independent evaluations of techniques conducted in each country to identify potential improvements. Output: review paperIdentifying potential for new methane measurement approaches for use with free-grazing cattle. This will involve reviewing techniques currently used with grazing cattle (sulphur hexafluoride; SF6) and other methods under development (mobile sensors and proxy techniques). Output: plan for a joint research programme to develop the approach.Developing methods for combined measurements of heat stress and methane production - refining use of respiration chambers to move from 'GHG mitigation' to 'GHG adaptation' research. Output: technical report.A second challenge that will be addressed is the fact that effects on methane emissions per cow may be negated when the full GHG costs associated with a particular treatment are taken into account. This requires a systematic approach to modelling methane emissions that takes account of wider emissions (e.g. in the production of feed and fertiliser used in the system). We will adopt a Tier 2 Emissions Framework modelling approach (with some Tier 1 values for carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide) to evaluate mitigation options from previous studies in each country. Output: modelling paper.

反刍牲畜的甲烷排放占农业温室气体排放的很大比例。该部门的减排在很大程度上取决于缓解战略所依据的测量方法的改进。英国和巴西目前正在开发最先进的设备，用于使用一系列实验方法测量牲畜产生的甲烷。由于对这一研究的高度重视，该科学正在迅速发展，国际合作是加速进展的一个非常有效的途径。在各种条件下（放牧/室内；高生产强度和低生产强度；饲料/肥料是否输入系统）测量甲烷排放的方法的发展和标准化是本项目要考虑的第一个问题。这需要交换研究人员，以获得不同方法和生产系统的经验。研究人员将与正在进行的研究一起工作，使用英国呼吸室的各种甲烷排放测量系统；“嗅探器”头罩;激光甲烷枪；甲烷代用品（研究产甲烷菌膜脂和氢同位素分馏）。巴西：Pecus网络的广泛系统和作物-牲畜-林业系统测量（使用SF6示踪技术的肠道甲烷，使用静态封闭室法的土壤N2O、CH4和CO2）。甲烷方法工作的具体目标是：标准化测量英国和巴西饲养和放牧牛的甲烷排放量的方法。汇集对每个国家开展的技术的独立评估，以确定可能的改进。产出：综述论文确定用于自由放牧牛的新的甲烷测量方法的潜力。这将涉及审查目前放牧牛使用的技术（六氟化硫；SF6）和正在开发的其他方法（移动传感器和代理技术）。产出：制定一项联合研究方案，以发展这种方法。开发热应力和甲烷产生的联合测量方法——改进呼吸室的使用，从“温室气体减缓”研究转向“温室气体适应”研究。输出：技术报告。要解决的第二个挑战是，当考虑到与特定处理相关的全部温室气体成本时，对每头奶牛甲烷排放量的影响可能会被抵消。这需要一种系统的方法来模拟甲烷排放，考虑到更广泛的排放（例如在系统中使用的饲料和肥料的生产中）。我们将采用第2层排放框架建模方法（二氧化碳和氧化亚氮的一些第1层值）来评估每个国家以前研究中的缓解方案。输出：模型纸。

项目成果

Improving agricultural inventories of GHG emissions: A UK case study

改善农业温室气体排放清单：英国案例研究

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Rees RM

A comparison of farm-level greenhouse gas calculators in their application on beef production systems

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.197
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Alasdair J. Sykes;C. Topp;Ronald Wilson;Gillian Reid;R. Rees