Ecological and evolutionary effects of climate change on rainforest food webs

气候变化对雨林食物网的生态和进化影响

• 批准号: NE/N010221/1
• 负责人: Owen Lewis
• 金额: $ 51.43万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN010221%2F1
• 关键词: Ecological; evolutionary; effects; climate; change

Ecological communities are complex, interacting networks of species, linked by competition, mutualism, predation and parasitism. In the 'Origin of Species', Charles Darwin famously wrote of 'an entangled bank', comprising a bewildering richness of species and an even more complex web of connections among them. Fundamentally, ecologists and evolutionary biologists seek to unravel this complexity, by establishing why species occur where they do, why they replace each other under certain conditions, and how the species interactions that make up ecosystems will change as environments change. As the climate warms and extreme events become more frequent, existing connections between species are changing in strength, or being severed completely; and new connections are forming as species change in abundance and shift their distributions (e.g. colonising cooler habitats, while becoming locally extinct in warmer habitats). Biologists use information about the range of temperatures where species currently occur to predict where species will occur in a future, warmer world. However, better predictions about the consequences of climate change will be possible if we can also take into account changing interactions between species, as well as the potential for species to evolve to cope with new conditions.We urgently need to test how whole food webs of interacting species are structured by biological processes (e.g. competition and predation) and by temperature, and how these ecological networks will respond to climate change. It is also important to test the extent to which current adaptive divergence across species' geographical ranges will increase their resilience to future climate change. To achieve this, our project will exploit a unique model system (Drosophila fruit-flies and parasitic wasps that are associated with them, called parasitoids) in a high-diversity ecosystem threatened by climate change (Australian tropical rainforests). With this system we will use field observations, field transplant experiments and mathematical models to test: (i) what determines species' local distributions and food web structure; (ii) the responses of natural and simulated networks of interacting species to simulated climate change; and (iii) the underlying mechanisms driving these changes, including the effects of genetic variation among populations within species and the potential for rapid evolutionary adaptation to warmer temperatures. The outcome will be a better and more predictive understanding of how climate change will affect the biotic interactions that characterise biodiversity and underpin the functions and services of natural ecosystems.

生态社区是复杂的，相互作用的物种网络，与竞争，互惠，捕食和寄生虫联系在一起。在“物种的起源”中，查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）著名地写了“纠结的银行”，其中包括一种令人困惑的物种和更复杂的联系网络。从根本上讲，生态学家和进化生物学家试图通过确定为什么物种发生在某些地方的位置，在某些条件下相互替代的原因以及构成生态系统的物种相互作用将随着环境的变化而发生变化，以揭开这种复杂性。随着气候温暖和极端事件变得越来越频繁，物种之间的现有联系正在变化，或者完全被割断。随着物种的丰富性变化并改变其分布（例如，在较酷的栖息地定殖，同时在较温暖的栖息地中局部灭绝），新的联系正在形成。生物学家使用有关当前物种当前发生的温度范围的信息，以预测未来的温暖世界中物种会发生在哪里。但是，如果我们还可以考虑物种之间不断变化的相互作用，以及物种发展以应对新状况的可能性，则可以更好地预测有关气候变化的后果的更好预测。我们迫切需要测试相互作用的物种的全食网络的整体生物过程（例如竞争和捕食）以及这些生态网络对气候变化的反应。还必须测试各种地理范围的当前自适应差异的程度也很重要。为了实现这一目标，我们的项目将利用与气候变化威胁的高多样性生态系统（澳大利亚热带雨林）威胁的高多样性生态系统中的独特模型系统（果蝇水果果和寄生的黄蜂，称为寄生虫）。使用该系统，我们将使用现场观测，现场移植实验和数学模型来测试：（i）什么决定了物种的局部分布和食物网络结构； （ii）相互作用物种对模拟气候变化的自然和模拟网络的响应； （iii）推动这些变化的基本机制，包括物种内人群之间遗传变异的影响以及对温度较高的快速进化适应的潜力。结果将是对气候变化将如何影响生物多样性和支持自然生态系统功能和服务的生物相互作用的更好，更具预测性的理解。

项目成果

Microbiome Structure of a Wild Drosophila Community along Tropical Elevational Gradients and Comparison to Laboratory Lines.

• DOI: 10.1128/aem.00099-23
• 发表时间: 2023-05-31
• 期刊: APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Brown, Joel J.;Jandova, Anna;Jeffs, Christopher T.;Higgie, Megan;Novakova, Eva;Lewis, Owen T.;Hrcek, Jan
• 通讯作者: Hrcek, Jan

Metacommunity theory for transmission of heritable symbionts within insect communities

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5754
• 发表时间: 2019-12-02
• 期刊: ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Brown, Joel J.;Mihaljevic, Joseph R.;Hrcek, Jan
• 通讯作者: Hrcek, Jan

Microbiome structure of a wild Drosophila community along tropical elevational gradients and comparison to laboratory lines

• DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.28.454263
• 发表时间: 2024-01-01
• 期刊: Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Brown, JJ.;Jandova, A.;Hrcek, J.
• 通讯作者: Hrcek, J.

Limits to species distributions on tropical mountains shift from high temperature to competition as elevation increases

随着海拔的增加，热带山区物种分布的限制从高温转向竞争

• DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1597
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Ecological Monographs
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Chen J

DROP: Molecular voucher database for identification of Drosophila parasitoids.

DROP：用于鉴定果蝇寄生蜂的分子凭证数据库。

• DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13435
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Molecular ecology resources
• 影响因子: 7.7
• 作者: Lue CH