'Green infrastructure and the Health and wellbeing Influences on an Ageing population (GHIA)

绿色和蓝色空间（GI）可以直接或间接地影响人类的健康和福祉。然而，在人口中，特别是在城市地区，获得保健和福利福利的机会并不是平等的。研究表明，65岁及以上的人最有可能健康状况不佳，但这一群体可能最不可能从GI中受益。虽然老龄人口的良好健康和福祉可能通过获得GI来促进，但使用GI可能并不总是有益的，特别是因为老年人可能更容易受到环境压力的影响。了解GI在老年人健康和福祉方面的价值是一个未知的问题。这种价值可能包括预防疾病的金钱价值，但也包括更广泛的解释，例如影响老年人是否积极寻求绿色和蓝色空间体验的历史、遗产或野生动物价值。GHIA研究项目；“绿色基础设施和对老龄化人口健康和福祉的影响”旨在更好地了解城市地理标志对老年人的好处和价值，以及如何最好地利用地理标志和具体的“绿化项目”来支持城市地区的健康老龄化。建议的案例研究区域是大曼彻斯特（GM）。GM是第一个采用下放解决方案的北方城市，包括控制卫生和社会保健支出。该研究团队正在与参与改善老年人健康和福祉的组织合作，并与转基因公司的GI设计和管理合作，包括转基因公司的红玫瑰森林、曼彻斯特公共卫生、曼彻斯特市议会和曼彻斯特艺术与画廊合作伙伴关系。该研究的一个核心部分将着眼于如何将研究成果转化为政策和实践，以及如何将研究成果转移到其他可能拥有类似权力下放的城市。为了做到这一点，它将让老年人作为研究的“共同生产者”，以更好地理解与绿色和蓝色空间相关的思想、经历和价值观。这将有一个特别的艺术焦点，包括讲故事，感官参与和提供新的体验，参与绿色和蓝色的空间。将使用不同类型的城市地理标志，包括城市内的绿色“斑块”（例如城市公园），绿色和蓝色的“走廊”（例如运河和水道）以及更广泛的城市结构或“矩阵”内的绿色空间（例如私人花园）。这种研究成果的联合生产将与项目中进行的所有其他领域的工作联系起来。将开展其他方面的研究，研究绿色空间对老龄化、健康和福祉的潜在利与弊，以及由此带来的价值。这将包括寻找健康数据与空间上GI发生之间的关系，“前后研究”探索不同绿化项目对老年人身体活动的影响，测量GI如何影响老年人对环境危害（如空气污染和极端温度）的暴露，并与早发性痴呆患者合作，了解他们如何通过不同的“感官”感知欣赏城市景观。然后，研究的其他组成部分的发现将用于探索应用于地理标志福利的价值，以及这些价值如何有助于指导政策和实践。这将包括评估评估绿色空间价值的现有措施，包括货币估值，然后与老年人合作，了解对价值的更广泛解释，如文化、遗产、历史和自然或“生物多样性”价值。这些发现将用于开发在线地图工具，以展示老年人地理标志的需求、提供和价值。然后，该团队将努力探索这些发现与其他地区的关系，并将研究结果传达给英国的城市地区。

Green and blue spaces (GI) can directly and indirectly influence human health and wellbeing. However, access to health and wellbeing benefits is not shared equally amongst the population, particularly in urban areas. Research shows that people aged 65 and over are most likely to suffer from poor health, yet this group may be the least likely to benefit from GI. Although good health and wellbeing in an ageing population might be promoted through access to GI, using GI may not always be beneficial particularly as older people can be more susceptible to environmental stressors. Understanding how GI is valued in the context of the health and wellbeing of older people is one such unknown. This value might include the monetary value of preventing ill-health but also broader interpretations, such as the historical, heritage or wildlife value that influences whether older people actively seek experiences in green and blue spaces.The GHIA research project; 'Green Infrastructure and the Health and Wellbeing Influences on an Ageing Population' aims to better understand the benefits and values of urban GI for older people and how GI and specific 'greening projects' can be best used to support healthy ageing in urban areas. The proposed case-study area is Greater Manchester (GM). GM is the first northern city to adopt a devolutionary settlement including control of health and social care spending. The research team are partnering with organisations involved in improving the health and wellbeing of older people and the design and management of GI across GM, including GM's Red Rose Forest, Public Health Manchester, Manchester City Council and Manchester Arts and Galleries Partnership. A core part of the research will look at how the research findings can be translated into policy and practice and the transferability of findings to other cities, potentially with similarly devolved powers. It will do this by involving older people as 'co-producers' of the research to better understand thoughts, experiences and values that are associated with green and blue spaces. This will have a particular arts focus, including storytelling, sensory engagement and offering new experiences for engaging with green and blue spaces. Different types of urban GI will be used, including green 'patches' within the city (e.g. urban parks), green and blue 'corridors' (e.g. canals and waterways) and green spaces within the wider urban fabric or 'matrix' (e.g. private gardens). This co-production of research findings will be linked to all the other areas of work undertaken in the project. Other aspects of research will be conducted on the potential benefits and disbenefits of green spaces on ageing health and wellbeing and the value that this provides. This will include looking for relationships between health data and the occurrence of GI across space, 'before and after studies' exploring the influence that different greening projects have on the physical activity of older people, measuring how GI may affect older people's exposure to environmental hazards (such as air pollution and extreme temperature) and working with people with early-onset dementia to understand how they appreciate the urban landscape through different 'sensory' perceptions. The findings from the other components of the research will then be used to explore the values applied to the GI benefits and how these can help guide policy and practice. This will include evaluating existing measures of valuing greenspace, including monetary valuation and then work with older people to understand broader interpretations of value, such as culture, heritage, history and the natural or 'biodiversity' value. These findings will be used to develop online mapping tools that demonstrate the needs, provision and value of GI for older people. The team will then work to explore how these findings relate to other locations and communicate findings to urban areas across the UK.