PISCES: Patagonian Ice field Shrinkage impacts on Coastal and fjord EcosystemS

双鱼座：巴塔哥尼亚冰原萎缩对沿海和峡湾生态系统的影响

• 批准号: NE/P003133/1
• 负责人: Jemma Wadham
• 金额: $ 65.54万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP003133%2F1
• 关键词: PISCES; Patagonian; Ice; field; Shrinkage

Ocean basins across a large proportion of the Earth's surface receive substantial freshwater and sediment input from glaciers and ice sheets. This freshwater input is increasing and will continue to do so as rising air and ocean temperatures enhance rates of ice melting and stimulate the collapse of floating glacier tongues. This is true of glaciers draining the Patagonian Ice Fields, the largest ice mass in the Southern hemisphere outside of Antarctica, almost all of which have thinned and retreated in recent decades. The physical impacts of Patagonian meltwater discharge on the oceans are becoming better studied, driven by a need to predict future sea level rise and future water supply for human settlements. However, the biological dimension of this freshwater export, is poorly understood. Large fjord systems act as receiving waters for glacial runoff and ice discharge in Patagonia, and together with marine waters, boast highly productive ecosystems and associated fisheries. The impact of glacial freshwater inputs to these ecosystems is likely to be important for several reasons. First, inputs of dilute glacial meltwater create a stable stratified water column for phytoplankton growth, but simultaneously may reduce nutrient supplies from vertical mixing. Second, glacial runoff and icebergs likely act as "fertilisers", being rich in highly bioavailable dissolved organic matter and other major nutrients, such as iron, phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon. Last, the high suspended particulate matter load of glacial runoff is likely to have a dual effect, adding further nutrients but creating light limiting conditions for plankton within inner fjord systems. These impacts on downstream ecosystems are likely to intensify as glacial freshwaer fluxes rise. Key unknowns at present are: 1) the magnitude, character and timing of glacial nutrient and sediment delivery to Patagonian fjord ecosystems; 2) how these inputs may alter in a warming world; and 3) the sensitivity of downstream ecosystem productivity and biodiversity to such inputs. PISCES will test the hypothesis that Patagonian Ice Field FW fluxes have a natural fertilisation impact upon downstream fjord and marine productivity, via a combination of field-based research and biogeochemical modelling. PISCES will generate the first ice-to-ocean dataset of riverine nutrient fluxes and biological response across a broad latitudinal transect in Patagonia. This will provide an important utility for policy makers managing freshwater supply, quality, marine ecosystems and fisheries in the region.

占地球表面很大一部分的海洋盆地从冰川和冰盖获得大量淡水和沉积物。这种淡水输入正在增加，并将继续增加，因为空气和海洋温度的上升加快了冰的融化速度，并刺激了漂浮的冰川舌的崩溃。巴塔哥尼亚冰原（Patagonian Ice Fields）是南半球除南极洲外最大的冰块，近几十年来，几乎所有的冰川都变薄和退缩了。由于需要预测未来海平面上升和未来人类住区的供水，巴塔哥尼亚融水排放对海洋的物理影响正在得到更好的研究。然而，人们对这种淡水输出的生物方面知之甚少。大型峡湾系统作为巴塔哥尼亚冰川径流和冰排放的接收沃茨，与海洋沃茨一起，拥有高产的生态系统和相关的渔业。冰川淡水输入对这些生态系统的影响可能很重要，原因有几个。首先，稀释的冰川融水的输入创建一个稳定的分层水柱浮游植物的生长，但同时可能会减少垂直混合的营养供应。其次，冰川径流和冰山可能充当“肥料”，富含高度生物可利用的溶解有机物和其他主要营养物质，如铁，磷，氮和硅。最后，冰川径流的高悬浮颗粒物负荷可能会产生双重影响，增加更多的营养物质，但为峡湾系统内部的浮游生物创造光限制条件。随着冰川淡水通量的增加，这些对下游生态系统的影响可能会加剧。目前主要的未知数是：1）冰川养分和沉积物输送到巴塔哥尼亚峡湾生态系统的规模，特征和时间; 2）这些输入如何在变暖的世界中改变; 3）下游生态系统生产力和生物多样性对这些输入的敏感性。PISCES将通过实地研究和海洋地球化学建模相结合，检验巴塔哥尼亚冰原FW通量对下游峡湾和海洋生产力产生自然施肥影响的假设。PISCES将生成第一个关于巴塔哥尼亚一个大纬度样带的河流营养通量和生物反应的冰-海数据集。这将为管理该区域淡水供应、质量、海洋生态系统和渔业的决策者提供重要的实用工具。

项目成果

Depth-Dependent Diversity Patterns of Rocky Subtidal Macrobenthic Communities Along a Temperate Fjord in Northern Chilean Patagonia

智利北部巴塔哥尼亚温带峡湾沿岸岩石潮下大型底栖动物群落的深度依赖性多样性模式

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.635855
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Villalobos V

Benthic Dissolved Silicon and Iron Cycling at Glaciated Patagonian Fjord Heads.

底栖式硅和铁循环在冰川的巴塔哥尼亚峡湾头处。

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gb007493
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Ng, Hong Chin;Hawkings, Jon R.;Bertrand, Sebastien;Summers, Brent A.;Sieber, Matthias;Conway, Tim M.;Freitas, Felipe S.;Ward, James P. J.;Pryer, Helena V.;Wadham, Jemma L.;Arndt, Sandra;Hendry, Katharine R.
• 通讯作者: Hendry, Katharine R.

The Influence of Glacial Cover on Riverine Silicon and Iron Exports in Chilean Patagonia.

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gb006611
• 发表时间: 2020-12
• 期刊: Global biogeochemical cycles
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Pryer HV;Hawkings JR;Wadham JL;Robinson LF;Hendry KR;Hatton JE;Kellerman AM;Bertrand S;Gill-Olivas B;Marshall MG;Brooker RA;Daneri G;Häussermann V
• 通讯作者: Häussermann V

Seasonal Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in a Patagonian Fjord Affected by Glacier Melt Inputs

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.612386
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 作者: M. Marshall;A. Kellerman;J. Wadham;J. Hawkings;G. Daneri;R. Torres;H. Pryer;A. Beaton;H. C. Ng;A. Urra;L. Robinson;R. Spencer

High-resolution fjord sediment record of a receding glacier with growing intermediate proglacial lake (Steffen Fjord, Chilean Patagonia)

冰川消退和中间冰期湖不断增长的高分辨率峡湾沉积物记录（斯特芬峡湾，智利巴塔哥尼亚）

• DOI: 10.1002/esp.5015
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Piret L