UAS-Methane: An unmanned aerial system for the remote sensing of methane flux

UAS-Macet：用于遥感甲烷通量的无人机系统

• 批准号: NE/P003737/1
• 负责人: Grant Allen
• 金额: $ 12.97万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP003737%2F1
• 关键词: UAS; Methane; unmanned; aerial; system

The goal of this proof of concept project is to develop and test an integrated new unmanned aerial system (UAS) remote sensing platform for the measurement of 3-dimensional methane concentration fields and emission flux. Our technology approach is to integrate a rotary-hovering UAS with a scanning open-path tuneable-diode-laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) and use it to rapidly retrieve time-evolving methane plume concentration fields over local scales (1m to 1 km). A real-time measurement and visualisation of 3D plume advection would facilitate the calculation of hotspot emission flux and serve gas-leak applications - an application relevant to NERC greenhouse-gas source apportionment science with transferability for a range of industries. There is an urgent technological need to meet this science and impact challenge. National anthropogenic methane inventories and industrial life cycle analyses are at present a best guess of fugitive emissions extrapolated for various component source-types. Natural (biogenic) sources of methane are also poorly characterised by measurement. As agreed at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP-21) in Paris in 2015, currently estimated anthropogenic methane inventories must now include validation by measurement to meet and monitor ambitious 2050 emissions targets. UAS-based measurement offers an appropriate technology ripe for development for this purpose. The vertical profiling, manoeuvrability, and viewing geometry of UAS offers unique sampling for local-scale remote sensing applications and site-wide monitoring. This proposal seeks to develop such a capability from concept to prototype and builds on the team's experience in development of UAS for other environmental science applications.UK expertise and infrastructure in the use of UAS technology for environmental science lags behind an emerging international community that promises to revolutionize understanding of local scale processes across several NERC themes (see Figure 1). We build on our experience in developing and flying in situ UAS measurement systems to develop a new remote sensing UAS TDLAS scanning technology. The project develops a new flux concept and addresses practical challenges in sensor-platform integration. The integration of TDLAS with UAS is commensurate with TRL 3/4 (non-integrated components), while data telemetry and the tomographic inversion algorithms we seek to use to derive flux from concentration measurements are all conceptual (commensurate with TRL 2). We will develop and test this integrated technology to TRL 5/6 criteria (bench test and validation) such that a working prototype platform may be ready for field trial at the conclusion of the project. To summarise, our concept is to retrieve methane flux by remote sensing on a UAS platform. The technology to address this concept is the development an integrated UAS-TDLAS platform with a scanning gimbal. And the proof required to validate the concept will be a validated dataset, which uses tailored tomographic algorithms to invert concentration measurements for methane flux.

这一概念验证项目的目标是开发和测试一种集成的新型无人机遥感平台，用于测量三维甲烷浓度场和排放通量。我们的技术方法是将旋转悬停的无人机与扫描的开路可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱仪(TDLAS)集成在一起，并使用它来快速反演局部尺度(1米到1公里)上随时间演变的甲烷羽流浓度场。实时测量和可视化3D烟羽平流将促进热点排放通量的计算，并服务于气体泄漏应用-这是与NERC温室气体源解析相关的应用，具有可转移性，适用于一系列行业。迎接这一科学和影响挑战的技术需求十分迫切。目前，国家人为甲烷清单和工业生命周期分析是对各种来源成分外推的逃逸排放的最佳猜测。甲烷的天然(生物)来源在测量方面也很不理想。正如2015年在巴黎举行的第21次缔约方大会(COP-21)所商定的那样，目前估计的人为甲烷库存现在必须包括通过测量进行验证，以实现和监测雄心勃勃的2050年排放目标。基于UAS的测量为这一目的提供了一种成熟的开发适当技术。UAS的垂直剖面图、机动性和观察几何形状为本地规模的遥感应用和站点范围的监测提供了独特的采样。这项建议旨在从概念到原型发展这种能力，并建立在团队为其他环境科学应用开发UAS的经验基础上。英国在将UAS技术用于环境科学方面的专业知识和基础设施落后于新兴的国际社会，后者承诺在几个NERC主题上彻底改变对本地规模过程的理解(见图1)。我们在开发和飞行现场无人机测量系统方面的经验基础上，开发了一种新的遥感无人机TDLAS扫描技术。该项目开发了一种新的通量概念，并解决了传感器-平台集成方面的实际挑战。TDLAS与UAS的集成与TRL 3/4(非集成组件)相称，而我们试图用来从浓度测量中得出通量的数据遥测和层析反演算法都是概念性的(与TRL 2相称)。我们将按照TRL 5/6标准(台架测试和验证)开发和测试这项集成技术，以便在项目结束时为现场试验准备好工作原型平台。总而言之，我们的概念是通过在无人驾驶飞机平台上进行遥感来获取甲烷通量。解决这一概念的技术是开发一个带有扫描万向节的集成UAS-TDLAS平台。验证这一概念所需的证据将是经过验证的数据集，该数据集使用定制的层析算法来反演甲烷流量的浓度测量。

项目成果

A Near-Field Gaussian Plume Inversion Flux Quantification Method, Applied to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sampling

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos10070396
• 发表时间: 2019-07-01
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Shah, Adil;Allen, Grant;Bourn, Mark
• 通讯作者: Bourn, Mark

Measuring methane emissions from oil and gas platforms in the North Sea

测量北海石油和天然气平台的甲烷排放量

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2019-90
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Riddick S

Supplementary material to "Testing the near-field Gaussian plume inversion flux quantification technique using unmanned aerial vehicle sampling"

补充材料

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-2019-289-supplement
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Shah A

Unmanned aerial vehicle observations of cold venting from exploratory hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom

无人机对英国探索性水力压裂冷排的观测

• DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ab716d
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Environmental Research Communications
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Shah A

Estimating the size of a methane emission point source at different scales: from local to landscape

估算不同尺度的甲烷排放点源的大小：从局部到景观

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-7839-2017
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Riddick S