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OPEN:Fading Star - Shining light: Integrating an evidence-based decision support system for in situ preservation of waterlogged archaeological remains

开放：褪色的星星 - 闪亮的光芒：整合基于证据的决策支持系统，以就地保存浸水的考古遗迹

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P005799/1
负责人：
Kirsty High
金额：
$ 16.85万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP005799%2F1
关键词：
OPEN Fading Star Shining light

项目摘要

Across the UK and Europe, a policy of preserving an archaeological site in situ (leaving it unexcavated) for the benefit of future generations is widely pursued, according with UK and EU government planning policy. However, recent research, notably a NERC-funded project focused on the Mesolithic site of Star Carr, indicates that this policy is not always advisable. In some cases, changing environmental conditions may accelerate the decay of organic remains such as bone and wood left in situ. Waterlogged sites are most at risk, as they are more susceptible to environmental change; however, these are also the sites that contain an abundance of organic materials, which aren't preserved at other sites, making them valuable cultural assets. In the UK, examples of archaeologically significant waterlogged sites are abundant, and include Sweet Track (a prehistoric wooden trackway across the Somerset levels) and Must Farm (a Bronze Age site where recently numerous rare log boats have been excavated, and a wooden wheel, described by the excavators "unprecedented in terms of size and completeness").A wealth of research into the factors contributing to successful in situ preservation has been carried out in both academic and cultural management sectors throughout Europe. Through this research it has become clear that a comprehensive assessment of potential environmental risks to a site, and the state of preservation of organic artefacts should be carried out prior to deciding how an archaeological site should be managed. However, there is currently a lack of standardisation of how this assessment is conducted. The NERC-funded "Fading Star" PhD CASE studentship developed a number of cheap, easily applicable and informative tests by which organic preservation could be assessed and monitored. Levels of deterioration were then consolidated with geochemical data, allowing the effects of site geochemistry on organic preservation to be determined The aim of this proposal is to enable those tests to be utilised by the wider archaeological community to assess the preservation potential (and recognise rapid degradation) of other waterlogged sites. Key to the success of this fellowship is working closely with Historic England, who currently provide guidance on preservation in situ, and archaeological field units, who undertake developer-funded assessments and excavations. This will allow the knowledge gained from the study at Star Carr to be successfully translated to people who work directly with archaeological excavations (ranging from archaeological professionals to volunteers), so that all relevant information can be taken into account both during and after excavations. The principal outcome of the project will be the development of a decision-making tool that not only incorporates new and existing knowledge amalgamated from past and ongoing research projects, but also the wealth of knowledge from archaeological practitioners. This system will guide the user to make an assessment of the archaeological significance, possible environmental and geochemical risks to a site, and assess the current levels of organic preservation. This data will then be translated into realistic advice on how best to proceed with management of the site, whether it be to preserve in situ with or without a monitoring programme, conduct further investigations, or to proceed with a 'rescue excavation'. The assessment can also be used to recommend where attention should be focused post excavation; for example which artefacts need immediate conservation to prevent further decay and loss of archaeological information. The availability of this tool directly addresses a recognised need to standardise the steps taken to successfully safeguard archaeological sites against changing environmental conditions, resulting in the preservation of our precious archaeological assets for future generations to both study and enjoy.

根据英国和欧盟政府的规划政策，在英国和欧洲，为了子孙后代的利益，就地保护考古遗址（不进行挖掘）的政策得到广泛推行。然而，最近的研究，特别是 NERC 资助的一项针对 Star Carr 中石器时代遗址的项目，表明这一政策并不总是可取的。在某些情况下，环境条件的变化可能会加速有机遗骸的腐烂，例如留在原地的骨头和木材。淹水地点面临的风险最大，因为它们更容易受到环境变化的影响；然而，这些遗址也含有丰富的有机物质，这些物质在其他遗址中没有得到保存，使其成为宝贵的文化资产。在英国，具有考古意义的浸水遗址的例子比比皆是，包括 Sweet Track（一条横跨萨默塞特平原的史前木道）和 Must Farm（一个青铜时代遗址，最近挖掘出了许多稀有的圆木船和一个木轮，挖掘机称“其尺寸和完整性是前所未有的”）。整个欧洲的学术和文化管理部门。通过这项研究，我们清楚地认识到，在决定如何管理考古遗址之前，应该对遗址的潜在环境风险和有机文物的保存状况进行全面评估。然而，目前评估的进行方式缺乏标准化。 NERC 资助的“褪色之星”博士 CASE 奖学金开发了许多廉价、易于应用且信息丰富的测试，通过这些测试可以评估和监测有机保存。然后将恶化程度与地球化学数据进行合并，从而确定遗址地球化学对有机保存的影响。该提案的目的是使这些测试能够被更广泛的考古界利用，以评估其他淹水遗址的保存潜力（并认识到快速退化）。该奖学金成功的关键是与历史英格兰组织和考古现场单位密切合作，前者目前提供原地保护指导，后者负责开发商资助的评估和挖掘工作。这将使从斯塔卡尔研究中获得的知识成功地转化为直接参与考古发掘的人员（从考古专业人员到志愿者），以便在发掘期间和之后都可以考虑所有相关信息。该项目的主要成果将是开发一种决策工具，该工具不仅融合了过去和正在进行的研究项目中的新知识和现有知识，而且还融合了考古从业者的丰富知识。该系统将指导用户评估遗址的考古意义、可能的环境和地球化学风险，并评估当前的有机保存水平。然后，这些数据将被转化为关于如何最好地进行遗址管理的现实建议，无论是在有或没有监测计划的情况下进行原地保护，进行进一步调查，还是进行“救援挖掘”。该评估还可用于建议挖掘后应重点关注的领域；例如哪些文物需要立即保护，以防止考古信息进一步腐烂和丢失。该工具的推出直接满足了人们公认的需求，即标准化所采取的步骤，以成功地保护考古遗址免受不断变化的环境条件的影响，从而保护我们宝贵的考古资产，供子孙后代研究和欣赏。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Lessons from Star Carr on the vulnerability of organic archaeological remains to environmental change.

斯塔卡尔关于有机考古遗迹对环境变化的脆弱性的教训。

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1609222113
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
High K
通讯作者：
High K

Correction to: A review of analytical methods for assessing preservation in waterlogged archaeological wood and their application in practice

更正：评估浸水考古木材保存的分析方法及其在实践中的应用综述