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Arctic PRoductivity in the seasonal Ice ZonE (Arctic PrIZE)

北极季节性冰区生产力（北极奖）

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P006078/1
负责人：
Adrian New
金额：
$ 5.15万
依托单位：
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP006078%2F1
关键词：
Arctic PRoductivity seasonal Ice ZonE

项目摘要

Arctic PRIZE will address the core objective of the Changing Arctic Ocean Program by seeking to understand and predict how change in sea ice and ocean properties will affect the large-scale ecosystem structure of the Arctic Ocean. We will investigate the seasonally and spatially varying relationship between sea ice, water column structure, light, nutrients and productivity and the roles they play in structuring energy transfer to pelagic zooplankton and benthic megafauna.We focus on the seasonal ice zone (SIZ) of the Barents Sea - a highly productive region that is undergoing considerable change in its sea ice distribution - and target the critically important but under-sampled seasonal transition from winter into the post-bloom summer period. Of critical importance is the need to develop the predictive tools necessary to assess how the Arctic ecosystems will respond to a reducing sea ice cover. This will be achieved through a combined experimental/modelling programme. The project is embedded within international Arctic networks based in Norway and Canada and coordinated with ongoing US projects in the Pacific Arctic. Through these international research networks our proposal will have a legacy of cooperation far beyond the lifetime of the funding. The project comprises five integrated work packages.WP1 Physical Parameters: We will measure properties of the water column (temperature, salinity, turbulent fluxes, light, fluorometry) in both open water and under sea ice by deploying animal-borne tags on seals which preferentially inhabit the marginal ice zone (MIZ). We will use ocean gliders to patrol the water around the MIZ and track it as the ice retreats northwards in summer. Measurements of underwater light fields will support development of improved regional remote sensing algorithms to extend the spatial and temporal context of the proposal beyond the immediate deployment period.WP2 Nutrient Dynamics: We will undertake an extensive program of measuring inorganic and organic nutrients, their concentrations, isotopic signatures and vertical fluxes to understand the role of vertical mixing and advection (WP1) in regulating nutrient supply to PP in the surface ocean.WP3 Phytoplankton Production: We will investigate nutrient supply (WP2) and light availability (WP1) linked to sea ice affect the magnitude, timing, and composition of phytoplankton production, and the role of seasonal physiological plasticity. Through new numerical parameterisations - cross-tuned and validated using a rich array of observations - we will develop predictive skill related to biological production and its fate; resolve longstanding questions about the competing effects of increased light and wind mixing associated with sea ice loss; and therefore contribute to the international effort to project the functioning of Pan-Arctic ecosystems.WP4 Zooplankton Behaviour: Zooplankton undergo vertical migrations to graze on PP at the surface. We will use acoustic instruments on moorings and AUVs, with nets and video profiles to measure the composition and behaviours of pelagic organisms in relation in light and mixing (WP1) and phytoplankton production (WP3) over the seasonal cycle of sea ice cover. The behaviours identified will be used to improve models that capture the life-history and behavioural traits of Arctic zooplankton. These models can then be used to investigate how feeding strategies of key Arctic zooplankton species may be modified during an era of reducing sea ice cover.WP5 Benthic Community: We will use an AUV equipped with camera system to acquire imagery of the large seabed-dwelling organisms to investigate how changes in sea ice duration (WP1), timing of PP (WP3) and bentho-pelagic coupling (WP4) can modify the spatial variation in benthic community composition. We will also conduct time series-studies in an Arctic fjord using a photolander system to record the seasonally varying community response to pulses of organic matter.

北极奖将通过寻求理解和预测海冰和海洋性质的变化如何影响北冰洋的大规模生态系统结构，来解决北冰洋变化计划的核心目标。我们将研究海冰、水柱结构、光照、营养物质和生产力之间的季节性和空间变化关系，以及它们在向远洋浮游动物和底栖巨型动物转移能量中的作用。我们将重点放在巴伦支海的季节性冰带（SIZ）上，这是一个生产力很高的地区，其海冰分布正在发生相当大的变化，并针对从冬季到夏季开花后时期至关重要但样本不足的季节性过渡。至关重要的是，需要开发必要的预测工具，以评估北极生态系统将如何应对海冰覆盖的减少。这将通过结合实验/建模方案来实现。该项目嵌入在挪威和加拿大的国际北极网络中，并与美国在太平洋北极地区正在进行的项目协调。通过这些国际研究网络，我们的提议将留下远远超过资助期限的合作遗产。该项目包括五个综合工作包。WP1物理参数：我们将通过在优先居住在边缘冰区（MIZ）的海豹身上部署动物携带的标签来测量开放水域和海冰下的水柱特性（温度、盐度、湍流通量、光、荧光测定）。我们将使用海洋滑翔机在MIZ周围的水域巡逻，并在夏季冰向北退缩时跟踪它。水下光场的测量将支持改进区域遥感算法的发展，以在立即部署期之后扩展该提案的空间和时间背景。WP2营养动力学：我们将开展一项广泛的计划，测量无机和有机营养物质，它们的浓度，同位素特征和垂直通量，以了解垂直混合和平流（WP1）在调节海洋表层PP营养供应中的作用。WP3浮游植物生产：我们将研究与海冰相关的养分供应（WP2）和光照供应（WP1）对浮游植物生产的规模、时间和组成的影响，以及季节性生理可塑性的作用。通过新的数值参数化-使用丰富的观察结果交叉调整和验证-我们将开发与生物生产及其命运相关的预测技能；解决长期存在的问题，即与海冰损失相关的光和风混合增加的竞争效应；从而为预测泛北极生态系统功能的国际努力做出贡献。WP4浮游动物行为：浮游动物进行垂直迁徙，以海面的PP为食。我们将在系泊处和auv上使用声学仪器，配有网和视频资料，以测量在海冰覆盖的季节周期中与光和混合（WP1）和浮游植物生产（WP3）相关的远洋生物的组成和行为。确定的行为将用于改进捕捉北极浮游动物生活史和行为特征的模型。然后，这些模型可以用来研究在海冰覆盖减少的时代，北极主要浮游动物物种的摄食策略是如何改变的。WP5底栖生物群落：我们将利用配备相机系统的AUV获取大型海底生物的图像，研究海冰持续时间（WP1）、PP （WP3）和底-上层耦合（WP4）的变化对底栖生物群落组成的空间变化的影响。我们还将在北极峡湾进行时间序列研究，使用光度计系统记录季节性变化的群落对有机物脉冲的反应。