NSFGEO-NERC: Southern Ocean diatoms and climate change: quantifying the relative roles of diversity and plasticity in evolution

NSFGEO-NERC：南大洋硅藻与气候变化：量化进化中多样性和可塑性的相对作用

• 批准号: NE/P006981/1
• 负责人: Sinead Collins
• 金额: $ 29.6万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP006981%2F1
• 关键词: NSFGEO; NERC; Southern; Ocean; diatoms

It is well known that climate change is rapidly altering polar habitats. However, it is largely unknown how organisms in those habitats will evolve and adapt in response to climate change. This hampers efforts to predict future changes in marine ecosystems. This research will examine how diatoms, an important group of plankton in the Southern Ocean, adapt to environmental change. During a research cruise to the Southern Ocean, diatoms will be sampled from different regions of the Southern Ocean, including the Drake Passage, the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea. Samples will be processed to examine genetic diversity in the field. In the lab, evolution experiments will be conducted to measure the rates of adaptation to increasing temperature and ocean acidification. Data on the diversity of field populations combined with data on rates of adaptability will provide key insights into the "evolvability" of marine diatoms. This project will support a doctoral student and a postdoctoral researcher as well as several undergraduates. These scientists will learn the fundamentals of experimental evolution, a skill set that is sorely needed in the field of ocean climate change biology. The project also includes a collaboration with the Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting. The Metcalf Institute will design and implement a session focused on current research related to evolution and climate change to be held at the annual conference of the National Association of Science Writers (NASW). Although it is well understood that climate change is rapidly altering polar habitats, the evolutionary response of cold-adapted, biogeochemically important phytoplankton is essentially unknown and represents a major knowledge gap that hampers efforts to predict future changes at the base of the marine food web. Both physiological and genetic variation are key parameters for understanding evolutionary processes in phytoplankton but they are essentially unknown for Southern Ocean diatoms. The extent of these two factors in field populations (physiological and genetic variation) and the interaction between them will influence how and whether cold-adapted diatoms can respond to changing environments. This project is focused on diatoms and includes a combination of a) field work to identify genetic diversity within diatoms across the Drake Passage, the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea, b) experiments in the lab to assess the range of physiological variation in contemporary populations of diatoms and c) evolution experiments in the lab to assess how the combination of genetic diversity and physiological variation influence the evolutionary potential of diatoms under a changing environment. This research will uncover general relationships between physiological variation, genetic diversity, and evolutionary potential that may apply across microbial taxa and geographical regions, substantially improving efforts to predict shifts in marine ecosystems under global change. Results from this study can be integrated into developing models that incorporate evolution to predict ecosystem changes under future climate change scenarios. This project will support a doctoral student and a postdoctoral researcher as well as several undergraduates. These scientists will learn the fundamentals of experimental evolution, a skill set that is sorely needed in the field of ocean climate change biology. The project also includes a collaboration with the Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting. The Metcalf Institute will design and implement a session focused on current research related to evolution and climate change to be held at the annual conference of the National Association of Science Writers (NASW).

众所周知，气候变化正在迅速改变极地生境。然而，这些生境中的生物将如何演变和适应气候变化在很大程度上是未知的。这阻碍了预测海洋生态系统未来变化的努力。这项研究将研究硅藻，南大洋的一个重要的浮游生物群体，如何适应环境变化。在前往南大洋的研究巡航中，将从南大洋的不同区域，包括德雷克海峡、南大洋太平洋部分和罗斯海，采集硅藻样本。将对样本进行处理，以检查实地的遗传多样性。在实验室中，将进行进化实验，以测量对温度升高和海洋酸化的适应率。实地种群多样性数据与适应率数据相结合，将为海洋硅藻的“进化性”提供关键的见解。该项目将支持一名博士生和一名博士后研究人员以及几名本科生。这些科学家将学习实验进化的基本原理，这是海洋气候变化生物学领域迫切需要的一套技能。该项目还包括与梅特卡夫海洋和环境报告研究所的合作。梅特卡夫研究所将设计和实施一个会议，重点是与进化和气候变化有关的当前研究，将在全国科学作家协会（NASW）年会上举行。虽然人们很清楚气候变化正在迅速改变极地生境，但适应寒冷、在生态地球化学方面具有重要意义的浮游植物的进化反应基本上是未知的，这是一个重大的知识空白，阻碍了预测海洋食物网底层未来变化的努力。生理和遗传变异是理解浮游植物进化过程的关键参数，但它们对南大洋硅藻基本上是未知的。这两个因素在野外种群中的程度（生理和遗传变异）以及它们之间的相互作用将影响冷适应硅藻如何以及是否能够对变化的环境做出反应。该项目的重点是硅藻，包括a）实地工作，以确定整个德雷克海峡，南大洋太平洋部分和罗斯海硅藻内的遗传多样性，B）在实验室中进行实验，以评估当代硅藻种群的生理变化范围，以及c）在实验室中进行进化实验，以评估遗传多样性和生理变异的结合如何影响硅藻在不断变化的环境中的进化潜力。这项研究将揭示生理变异，遗传多样性和进化潜力之间的一般关系，这些关系可能适用于微生物类群和地理区域，大大提高了预测全球变化下海洋生态系统变化的努力。这项研究的结果可以整合到开发模型中，这些模型结合了进化来预测未来气候变化情景下的生态系统变化。该项目将支持一名博士生和一名博士后研究人员以及几名本科生。这些科学家将学习实验进化的基本原理，这是海洋气候变化生物学领域迫切需要的一套技能。该项目还包括与梅特卡夫海洋和环境报告研究所的合作。梅特卡夫研究所将设计和实施一个会议，重点是与进化和气候变化有关的当前研究，将在全国科学作家协会（NASW）年会上举行。

项目成果

Surviving Heatwaves: Thermal Experience Predicts Life and Death in a Southern Ocean Diatom

幸存的热浪：热经验预测南大洋硅藻的生与死

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.600343
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Samuels T

Thermal trait variation may buffer Southern Ocean phytoplankton from anthropogenic warming

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16329
• 发表时间: 2022-07-17
• 期刊: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Bishop, Ian W.;Anderson, Stephanie I.;Rynearson, Tatiana A.
• 通讯作者: Rynearson, Tatiana A.

The Molecular Life of Diatoms

硅藻的分子生命

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92499-7_2
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Rynearson T

Selective constraints on global plankton dispersal.

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007388118
• 发表时间: 2021-03-09
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Ward BA;Cael BB;Collins S;Young CR
• 通讯作者: Young CR

The role of changes in environmental quality in multitrait plastic responses to environmental and social change in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7179
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Ecology and evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Melero-Jiménez IJ;Flores-Moya A;Collins S
• 通讯作者: Collins S