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Taking forward the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) resolution: Pilot to determine the air quality drivers for Sub-Saharan Africa

推进联合国环境大会 (UNEA) 决议：确定撒哈拉以南非洲空气质量驱动因素的试点

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P008453/1
负责人：
Marsailidh Twigg
金额：
$ 4.12万
依托单位：
NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP008453%2F1
关键词：
Taking forward United Nations Environment

项目摘要

This pilot project, AQD-Nairobi, is designed to integrate low and high temporal resolution low-cost air quality (AQ) measurements to determine AQ drivers in Nairobi and be an exemplar scientific study for sub-Saharan Africa. This collaboration is a new partnership between NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), the Stockholm Environment Institute Africa (SEI Africa) and SEI York. SEI Africa is the secretariat for the Air Quality Network for Kenya, whose membership includes National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI), Kenya Meteorology Department (KMD), the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), UNEP, the Nairobi County Government and the Muungano. Muunagano is a local community organisation supporting urban dwellers in Nairobi's informal settlements, and is the Kenyan branch of Slum Dwellers International.The inception of the project came through an informal loan from CEH of equipment to a SEI York pilot project in 2015 exploring novel methods of understanding community exposure to air pollution in a Nairobi informal settlement, which was co-ordinated by SEI Africa. The work established the urgent need for chemically resolved air pollution exposure studies to be integrated with more indicative methods. NERC CEH NC and other projects have developed low cost AQ monitoring methods. In particular CEH has developed the science behind two low-cost low-time resolution methods: the active low flow sampling method, DEnuder for Long-Term Atmospheric sampling (DELTA) for measurement of inorganic trace gases and speciated aerosols, and a passive sampler method (ALPHAS) measuring ammonia. Both methods have been applied in networks across the UK and Europe. Poor AQ is estimated to account for 5.5 million premature deaths annually both from indoor and outdoor pollution. In 2014, the United Nations General Assembly (UNEA) adopted a resolution for AQ which would encourage governments to set standards and policies across sectors to manage the negative impacts of air pollution. Nairobi, Kenya, is a city with poor AQ which frequently exceeds limits for particulate matter (PM) set out by the World Health Organisation. Information on the chemically specific drivers of the poor AQ in Nairobi are poorly understood. AQD-Nairobi will assess the applicability of integrating low cost-low temporal resolution monitoring with mobile PM sensors to develop air AQ indicators. The experimental component of the project will be a 12 month deployment of monthly resolution PM composition measurements with DELTA samplers at the KMD meteorological station and an intensive citizen science pilot study in Mukuru, an informal settlement in Nairobi. The intensive work will be organised logistically by SEI York and delivered on the ground by SEI Africa and the Muungano. Community champion volunteers will carry the mobile PM backpacks and simultaneously a network of passive samplers will be deployed across Mukuru. Using citizen science communication techniques, simple maps and AQ driver metrics will be disseminated to the Muungano and the Air Quality Network for Kenya stakeholders. Data interpretation and visualisation will be used to deliver information to both individuals and policy-making stakeholders. If successful, this pilot will deliver an excellent approach for assessing AQ drivers at reasonable economic cost for urban communities. This "proof of concept' international partnership, applying mixed technologies is an essential first step to enable development of large-scale long-term partnerships for NERC in this area. AQD-Nairobi will deliver new science that cannot be achieved by UK communities alone or by existing international collaborations.

该试点项目 AQD-Nairobi 旨在整合低和高时间分辨率低成本空气质量 (AQ) 测量，以确定内罗毕 AQ 驱动因素，并成为撒哈拉以南非洲地区科学研究的典范。此次合作是 NERC 生态与水文学中心 (CEH)、斯德哥尔摩非洲环境研究所 (SEI Africa) 和 SEI York 之间的新合作伙伴关系。 SEI Africa 是肯尼亚空气质量网络的秘书处，其成员包括国家科学、技术和创新委员会 (NACOSTI)、肯尼亚气象部 (KMD)、国家环境管理局 (NEMA)、环境署、内罗毕县政府和 Muungano。 Muunagano 是一个为内罗毕非正规住区城市居民提供支持的当地社区组织，也是贫民窟居民国际组织的肯尼亚分支机构。该项目的启动源于 2015 年 CEH 向 SEI 约克试点项目提供的设备非正式贷款，该项目旨在探索了解内罗毕非正规住区社区空气污染暴露的新方法，该项目由 SEI Africa 负责协调。这项工作表明迫切需要将化学解决的空气污染暴露研究与更具指示性的方法相结合。 NERC CEH NC 和其他项目开发了低成本的空气质量监测方法。特别是，CEH 开发了两种低成本低时间分辨率方法背后的科学：主动低流量采样方法、用于测量无机痕量气体和形态气溶胶的长期大气采样 DEnuder (DELTA)，以及测量氨的被动采样方法 (ALPHAS)。这两种方法都已在英国和欧洲的网络中得到应用。据估计，空气质量不佳每年会导致 550 万人因室内和室外污染过早死亡。 2014 年，联合国大会 (UNEA) 通过了一项空气质量决议，鼓励各国政府制定跨部门标准和政策，以管理空气污染的负面影响。肯尼亚内罗毕是一座空气质量较差的城市，颗粒物（PM）经常超过世界卫生组织规定的限值。关于内罗毕空气质量较差的化学特定驱动因素的信息知之甚少。 AQD-内罗毕将评估将低成本、低时间分辨率监测与移动颗粒物传感器集成以开发空气质量指标的适用性。该项目的实验部分将是在 KMD 气象站使用 DELTA 采样器进行为期 12 个月的月度分辨率 PM 成分测量，并在内罗毕的一个非正式定居点 Mukuru 进行密集的公民科学试点研究。这项密集的工作将由 SEI York 负责后勤组织，并由 SEI Africa 和 Muungano 在现场交付。社区冠军志愿者将携带移动 PM 背包，同时将在整个穆库鲁部署被动采样器网络。使用公民科学传播技术，简单的地图和 AQ 驱动指标将被传播到 Muungano 和肯尼亚利益相关者的空气质量网络。数据解释和可视化将用于向个人和决策利益相关者提供信息。如果成功，该试点将为城市社区提供一种以合理的经济成本评估空气质量驱动因素的绝佳方法。这种应用混合技术的“概念验证”国际合作伙伴关系是 NERC 在该领域发展大规模长期合作伙伴关系的重要第一步。AQD-内罗毕将提供英国社区单独或现有国际合作无法实现的新科学。