Socio-ecological resilience to soil erosion driven by extreme climatic events: past, present and future challenges in East Africa.

极端气候事件驱动的土壤侵蚀的社会生态恢复力：东非过去、现在和未来的挑战。

• 批准号: NE/P015603/1
• 负责人: William Blake
• 金额: $ 21.49万
• 依托单位: Plymouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP015603%2F1
• 关键词: Socio; ecological; resilience; soil; erosion

With growing land-use pressures and consequent severe soil erosion, many East African socio-ecological systems are at a tipping point. Continued and accelerating soil erosion presents a credible threat to community and ecological resilience to future climate change shocks.Soil erosion and downstream siltation problems challenge water, food and energy security, with growing threat from climate change. Even under 'normal' climatic conditions, soil erosion reduces water and nutrient retention, biodiversity and plant primary productivity on agricultural land putting stress on food production, notwithstanding ecosystem and water resource/power generation impacts downstream. This undermines the resilience of communities that depend on soil and water resources, and shocks are often amplified by physical and socio-cultural positive feedback mechanisms. Shocks can, however, lead to a learning experience that propels a system to a qualitatively different pathway. This can support greater-than-previous levels of resilience (sometimes termed 'bounce back'). Co-production of sustainable land management practises will help enable agrarian and pastoral communities to (1) withstand shock of future extreme hydro-climatic events and (2) recover from prior environmental impacts to a resilience level beyond the prior state through restoration/enhancement of degraded landscapes.Facilitating a step change in land management practice to reduce complex soil erosion impacts is a fundamental target within the UN Sustainable Development Goals, a challenge that requires an interdisciplinary approach. To bring about urgently needed change in land management practice behaviour, evidence is required to demonstrate how social resilience is intrinsically linked to landscape/ecological resilience through the coupled co-evolution of natural resource systems and dependent rural communities.The East African Rift System (EARS) region has the highest catchment sediment yields of sub-Saharan Africa linked in part to topography and rainfall but also to recent and historic land conversion to agriculture and, in particular, increasing livestock numbers on grasslands. Extreme drought and rainfall events, which are already a characteristic feature of tropical climatology (e.g., linked to ENSO), are widely accepted to increase in magnitude and/or frequency with global climate change. There is a real risk that, in the absence of community-owned soil management programmes, recent land use change will amplify hydro-climatic and consequent societal impacts. This is exacerbated by socio-cultural lock-ins such as power and esteem gained by owning livestock, putting pressure on fragile ecosystems and ecosystem services, with repercussions for economic and human health.Experts in soil erosion and land degradation problem identification are not necessarily experts in socio-economic and socio-cultural solutions. To tackle this challenge, we propose an interdisciplinary approach to designing sustainable land management practices that would enable rural communities affected by soil erosion to overcome post-erosion shocks and achieve a higher level of resilience than previously. Through novel integration of environmental science, arts and humanities and social science evidence, this project will map out potential behavioural changes and how these can be embedded in the design and implementation of soil conservation and restoration strategies. The interdisciplinary approach in this foundation-building programme will develop knowledge of complex interlinkages between soil degradation, climate change, and community resilience in the EARS region, as well as to explore pathways to possible solutions. Interdisciplinary evidence of the problem will be explored against complex socio-cultural community concerns and needs, and potential solutions will be considered with stakeholder groups to identify and underpin future behavioural change in land management.

随着土地使用压力的增加和随之而来的严重土壤侵蚀，许多东非社会生态系统正处于临界点。持续和加速的土壤侵蚀对社区和生态系统抵御未来气候变化冲击的能力构成了可信的威胁。土壤侵蚀和下游淤积问题对水、粮食和能源安全构成挑战，气候变化的威胁日益严重。即使在“正常”的气候条件下，土壤侵蚀也会减少农业用地上的水分和养分保持、生物多样性和植物初级生产力，从而对粮食生产造成压力，尽管下游的生态系统和水资源/发电会受到影响。这破坏了依赖土壤和水资源的社区的复原力，而物质和社会文化的积极反馈机制往往会放大冲击。然而，冲击可以导致一种学习经验，将系统推向一条质的不同的道路。这可以支持比以前更高的弹性水平（有时称为“反弹”）。共同制作可持续土地管理手册将有助于使农业和畜牧业社区能够（1）抵御未来极端水文气候事件的冲击，（2）通过恢复/重建，从先前的环境影响中恢复到超过先前状态的复原力水平。促进土地管理实践的逐步改变，以减少复杂的土壤侵蚀影响，是联合国可持续发展框架内的一个基本目标。发展目标，这是一项需要采取跨学科办法的挑战。为了在土地管理实践行为中实现迫切需要的变革，需要有证据证明社会复原力如何通过自然资源系统和依赖的农村社区的耦合共同进化与景观/生态复原力内在地联系在一起。撒哈拉非洲的这一情况部分与地形和降雨量有关，但也与最近和历史上土地转为农业，特别是草原上牲畜数量增加有关。极端干旱和降雨事件，这已经是热带气候学的一个特征（例如，与厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）有关），被广泛接受为随着全球气候变化而增加规模和/或频率。存在着一种真实的风险，即在没有社区拥有的土壤管理方案的情况下，最近的土地使用变化将扩大水文气候影响和随之而来的社会影响。社会文化的束缚，如通过拥有牲畜而获得的权力和尊重，使脆弱的生态系统和生态系统服务承受压力，对经济和人类健康产生影响，加剧了这一问题，确定土壤侵蚀和土地退化问题的专家不一定是社会经济和社会文化解决方案的专家。为了应对这一挑战，我们提出了一个跨学科的方法来设计可持续的土地管理做法，使受土壤侵蚀影响的农村社区能够克服侵蚀后的冲击，并实现比以前更高水平的恢复力。通过环境科学、艺术、人文和社会科学证据的新颖整合，该项目将绘制出潜在的行为变化，以及如何将这些变化嵌入土壤保护和恢复战略的设计和实施中。该基础建设计划中的跨学科方法将开发有关EARS地区土壤退化、气候变化和社区复原力之间复杂相互联系的知识，并探索可能的解决方案的途径。将根据复杂的社会文化社区关切和需要探讨这一问题的跨学科证据，并将与利益攸关方群体一起考虑可能的解决办法，以确定和支持今后在土地管理方面的行为变化。

项目成果

Integrating land-water-people connectivity concepts across disciplines for co-design of soil erosion solutions

整合跨学科的土地-水-人连通性概念，共同设计土壤侵蚀解决方案

• DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3791
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Land Degradation & Development
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Blake W

Soil erosion and sediment transport in Tanzania: Part I - sediment source tracing in three neighbouring river catchments

坦桑尼亚的土壤侵蚀和沉积物输送：第一部分 - 三个邻近河流流域的沉积物来源追踪

• DOI: 10.1002/esp.5217
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Wynants M

Pinpointing areas of increased soil erosion risk following land cover change in the Lake Manyara catchment, Tanzania

查明坦桑尼亚曼雅拉湖流域土地覆盖变化后土壤侵蚀风险增加的区域

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2018.05.008
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
• 影响因子: 7.5
• 作者: Wynants M

"We will change whether we want it or not": Soil erosion in Maasai land as a social dilemma and a challenge to community resilience

“无论我们愿意与否，我们都会改变”：马赛土地的土壤侵蚀是一个社会困境，也是对社区复原力的挑战

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101365
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Environmental Psychology
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Rabinovich A

Soils, Science and Community ActioN (SoilSCAN): a citizen science tool to empower community-led land management change in East Africa

土壤、科学和社区行动 (SoilSCAN)：一种公民科学工具，旨在推动东非社区主导的土地管理变革

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac8300
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Kelly C