Between a rock and a wet place: exploring historical trajectories of exposure, governance and tenure to build resilience to multiple hazards in SIDS

在岩石和潮湿的地方之间：探索暴露、治理和保有权的历史轨迹，以增强小岛屿发展中国家抵御多种灾害的能力

• 批准号: NE/P015719/1
• 负责人: Emily Wilkinson
• 金额: $ 20.49万
• 依托单位: Overseas Development Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP015719%2F1
• 关键词: Between; rock; wet; place; exploring

Resilience building requires integrated approaches to disaster risk management (DRM) to identify overlaps and leverage political support for measures that improve early warning systems, encourage adaptations and improve recovery from a range of hazardous events within the context of sustainable development. As our climate changes, accelerating such integration is paramount to improve responses to intensifying and multiple shocks and risks. The need is even more acute for Small Island Developing States, where isolation, limited land availability, a complex range of environmental hazards and limited resource base further intensify their exposure to risk. In this proposal we suggest that 'all hazards' approaches to building resilience are needed and test the thesis that these will be more effective if placed within the particular historical and cultural contexts through which land use patterns were established in individual SIDS, in order to assess how risk is created and disaster risk management responses evolve.We test this on two islands in the Pacific and the Caribbean by focussing particularly on exposure and physical vulnerability to multiple hazards, and analysing historical factors that have shaped tenure and governance processes in order to explore how these may have contributed to increased exposure of populations and physical vulnerability to hazards as well as detrimental political and cultural responses. We are particularly interested in the interactions between differing hazards and the implicit competing pressures on resources and tenure, both on- and offshore. We are taking an 'all-hazards' approach to this analysis, to identify strategies and investments that can relieve these pressures and encourage long-term resilience to multiple land and marine-based hazards. We refer to these measures as DRM investments with 'co-benefits', meaning that one action, originally intended for a particular type of hazard, can be adapted and used to produce joint, multiple and/or simultaneous benefits in terms of reducing risk. We will identify measures that have the potential to reduce risk to multiple hazards through the development of future scenarios and an approach to modelling impacts that tests the benefits (in terms of loss avoidance) of different DRM investments. The two islands selected to trial this holistic approach are exposed to a range of environmental hazards, and have colonial and imperial histories and sets of institutions to address risk with some similarities but also differences. Drawing insights across these settings will allow us to better understand the potential for applying this approach to other SIDS around the world, including in the Indian Ocean. This research will also have implications for implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR), linking it more closely with resilience targets in the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Change Agreement by enhancing knowledge of the links between past and future hazard exposure and development, and identifying options for overcoming resource constraints in SIDS and building resilience to multiple shocks and stresses.

抗灾能力建设需要对灾害风险管理采取综合办法，以查明重叠之处，并调动政治支持，采取措施，在可持续发展的背景下，改进预警系统，鼓励适应，并改善从一系列危险事件中恢复的工作。随着我们的气候变化，加快这种一体化对于改善应对日益加剧的多重冲击和风险至关重要。小岛屿发展中国家的需要更为迫切，因为这些国家与世隔绝、可用土地有限、环境危害复杂、资源基础有限，进一步加剧了它们面临的风险。在本提案中，我们建议需要采取“所有灾害”的办法来建设复原力，并检验以下论点：如果将这些办法置于各个小岛屿发展中国家确定土地使用模式的特定历史和文化背景中，为了评估风险是如何产生的，灾害风险管理响应是如何演变的，我们在太平洋和加勒比海的两个岛屿上进行了测试，该项目的主要目的是研究接触多种灾害的风险和身体脆弱性，并分析影响保有权和治理进程的历史因素，以探讨这些因素如何导致人口接触风险和身体脆弱性增加，以及有害的政治和文化反应。我们特别感兴趣的是，在不同的危害和资源和保有权的隐性竞争压力之间的相互作用，无论是在-和近海。我们正在采取一种“全风险”的方法进行分析，以确定可以缓解这些压力的战略和投资，并鼓励对多种陆地和海洋灾害的长期适应能力。我们将这些措施称为具有“共同效益”的DRM投资，这意味着最初针对特定类型危害的一项行动可以调整并用于在降低风险方面产生联合、多重和/或同时的效益。我们将通过开发未来情景和测试不同DRM投资的好处（在避免损失方面）的影响建模方法，确定有可能降低多种危害风险的措施。被选中试验这种整体方法的两个岛屿面临着一系列环境危害，并且有殖民和帝国历史以及一系列机构来应对风险，这些机构有一些相似之处，但也有差异。从这些背景中汲取深刻见解，将使我们能够更好地了解将这一办法应用于世界各地其他小岛屿发展中国家，包括印度洋的小岛屿发展中国家的潜力。这项研究还将对2015-2030年仙台减少灾害风险框架（SFDRR）的实施产生影响，通过加强对过去和未来灾害暴露与发展之间联系的了解，将其与可持续发展目标和巴黎气候变化协定中的复原力目标更紧密地联系起来，确定克服小岛屿发展中国家资源限制和建立抵御多重冲击和压力的能力的备选办法。

项目成果

Towards a more resilient Caribbean after the 2017 hurricanes: Report from roundtable discussions

2017 年飓风过后，打造一个更具复原力的加勒比地区：圆桌讨论报告

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Wilkinson E

Building back better: A resilient Caribbean after the 2017 hurricanes

重建得更好：2017 年飓风过后恢复活力的加勒比海

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Wilkinson E

Historical Trajectories of Disaster Risk in Dominica

• DOI: 10.1007/s13753-019-0215-z
• 发表时间: 2019-06-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Barclay, Jenni;Wilkinson, Emily;Honychurch, Lennox
• 通讯作者: Honychurch, Lennox