Open KE fellowship: Exploitation of satellite remote sensing for regulation and monitoring of inland and coastal water quality

开放知识工程奖学金：利用卫星遥感调节和监测内陆和沿海水质

• 批准号: NE/R003432/1
• 负责人: Claire Neil
• 金额: $ 8.95万
• 依托单位: University of Stirling
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR003432%2F1
• 关键词: Open; KE; fellowship; Exploitation; satellite

The UK environmental regulators are legally obligated (Section 8 Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003), EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), EU Water Framework Directive (WFD)) to monitor the status of the water environment in river basin districts and territorial areas defined across the UK. They do this by assessing water quality and quantity. This is performed typically through ground based observations with site visits to hundreds of water bodies organised every year. This traditional method of monitoring is labour and cost intensive and although accurate, results are often unrepresentative (spatially and temporally) of the complete water environment. Furthermore, as the need for additional spatial coverage is increasing, the actual frequency of site sampling is decreasing. Satellite remote sensing could play an essential role in bridging the data gap by providing a complementary source of data for water quality monitoring (IOCCG, Societal Benefits). This fellowship aims to promote and aid the use of satellite remote sensing for improved regulatory monitoring of inland and nearshore coastal water quality. The applicant will work directly with environment agencies to develop satellite remote sensing as a viable and sustainable data resource. The fellowship will initially engage closely with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency but will extend the knowledge exchange activities to other UK environment agencies once established.Until recently, various practical limitations restricted the use of satellite remote sensing as a tool for regulatory monitoring and reporting. The coarse spatial resolution of previous generation sensors meant they were incapable of capturing even the largest lakes in the UK. This has been overcome by the new generation of Sentinel sensors launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) which produce free and readily available images of the Earth at 0.01-0.3 km spatial resolution with a temporal sampling frequency between 3 and 5 days over the UK. As a consequence, satellite remote sensing is now a viable source of information for monitoring and reporting purposes. This technological advancement occurred in parallel with significant progress in water quality research in coastal and inland waters. Thanks to projects such as NERC GloboLakes, and the subsequent EC FP7 INFORM, H2020 DANUBIUS-RI and EOMORES, we now have improved solutions for retrieving water quality components remotely over regions influenced by land. Most notably, the NERC funded GloboLakes research programme produced a satellite-based observatory for more than 1000 lakes globally, including several of the larger Scottish lakes. This fellowship will further capitalise on the knowledge generated by the GloboLakes project to transform the output of world-leading science to maximise local benefit in the UK. A large proportion of this KE fellowship will focus on advocating and integrating the use of satellite remote sensing as a data resource at SEPA and will involve regular consultation to highlight tangible benefits across a range of scientific disciplines. Having previously worked at SEPA in the Environmental and Spatial Informatics Unit, the applicant is in an advantageous position of understanding the structure of the Science and Strategy Directorate and having in place a solid network of collaborators. Here, satellite remote sensing could be exploited for several purposes; direct input into the WFD classification tool; identification of potential risk to water quality status; sampling management tool to optimise the representativeness of ground based measurements; harmful algal bloom detection for bathing water assessment; change detection for protected areas. The scope is significant and the technology currently exists, the key objective is helping the end user to realise the full potential of satellite remote sensing and providing an effective means for accessing data.

英国环境监管机构在法律上有义务（2003年《水环境和水服务（苏格兰）法》第8条）、欧盟海洋战略框架指令（MSFD）、欧盟水框架指令（WFD）)监测英国境内河流流域和领土区域的水环境状况。他们通过评估水质和水量来做到这一点。这通常是通过每年组织对数百个水体进行实地考察的地面观测来完成的。这种传统的监测方法是劳力和成本密集的，虽然准确，但结果往往不代表（空间和时间上）完整的水环境。此外，由于对额外空间覆盖的需求正在增加，因此场址抽样的实际频率正在减少。卫星遥感可以通过为水质监测提供补充数据来源，在弥合数据差距方面发挥重要作用（ioc，社会效益）。这项研究金的目的是促进和协助利用卫星遥感改善对内陆和近岸沿岸水质的管制监测。申请人将直接与环境机构合作，发展卫星遥感作为一种可行和可持续的数据资源。该奖学金最初将与苏格兰环境保护局密切合作，但一旦成立，将把知识交流活动扩展到英国其他环境机构。直到最近，各种实际限制限制了卫星遥感作为管制监测和报告工具的使用。上一代传感器的粗糙空间分辨率意味着它们甚至无法捕捉到英国最大的湖泊。这已经被欧洲航天局（ESA）发射的新一代哨兵传感器所克服，该传感器可以在英国上空以0.01-0.3公里的空间分辨率以3到5天的时间采样频率免费获取地球图像。因此，卫星遥感现在是监测和报告目的的一个可行的资料来源。这一技术进步与沿海和内陆水域水质研究取得重大进展同时发生。得益于NERC GloboLakes以及随后的EC FP7 INFORM、H2020 DANUBIUS-RI和EOMORES等项目，我们现在有了改进的解决方案，可以在受土地影响的地区远程检索水质成分。最值得注意的是，NERC资助的全球湖泊研究项目为全球1000多个湖泊建立了一个基于卫星的观测站，其中包括几个较大的苏格兰湖泊。该奖学金将进一步利用GloboLakes项目产生的知识，转化世界领先科学的产出，使英国的当地效益最大化。这一KE奖学金的很大一部分将侧重于在国家环境保护总局倡导和整合卫星遥感作为一种数据资源的使用，并将涉及定期磋商，以突出一系列科学学科的切实利益。申请人之前曾在环境和空间信息学部门的环境保护局工作，对了解科学和战略理事会的结构以及建立坚实的合作者网络具有优势。在这方面，卫星遥感可用于若干目的；直接输入WFD分类工具；识别对水质状况的潜在风险；采样管理工具，以优化地面测量的代表性；洗澡水评价中有害藻华检测保护区变化检测。范围很大，技术目前已经存在，关键目标是帮助最终用户充分发挥卫星遥感的潜力，并提供获取数据的有效手段。