Open KE fellowship: Exploitation of satellite remote sensing for regulation and monitoring of inland and coastal water quality

开放知识工程奖学金：利用卫星遥感调节和监测内陆和沿海水质

• 批准号: NE/R003432/1
• 负责人: Claire Neil
• 金额: $ 8.95万
• 依托单位: University of Stirling
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR003432%2F1
• 关键词: Open; KE; fellowship; Exploitation; satellite

The UK environmental regulators are legally obligated (Section 8 Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003), EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), EU Water Framework Directive (WFD)) to monitor the status of the water environment in river basin districts and territorial areas defined across the UK. They do this by assessing water quality and quantity. This is performed typically through ground based observations with site visits to hundreds of water bodies organised every year. This traditional method of monitoring is labour and cost intensive and although accurate, results are often unrepresentative (spatially and temporally) of the complete water environment. Furthermore, as the need for additional spatial coverage is increasing, the actual frequency of site sampling is decreasing. Satellite remote sensing could play an essential role in bridging the data gap by providing a complementary source of data for water quality monitoring (IOCCG, Societal Benefits). This fellowship aims to promote and aid the use of satellite remote sensing for improved regulatory monitoring of inland and nearshore coastal water quality. The applicant will work directly with environment agencies to develop satellite remote sensing as a viable and sustainable data resource. The fellowship will initially engage closely with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency but will extend the knowledge exchange activities to other UK environment agencies once established.Until recently, various practical limitations restricted the use of satellite remote sensing as a tool for regulatory monitoring and reporting. The coarse spatial resolution of previous generation sensors meant they were incapable of capturing even the largest lakes in the UK. This has been overcome by the new generation of Sentinel sensors launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) which produce free and readily available images of the Earth at 0.01-0.3 km spatial resolution with a temporal sampling frequency between 3 and 5 days over the UK. As a consequence, satellite remote sensing is now a viable source of information for monitoring and reporting purposes. This technological advancement occurred in parallel with significant progress in water quality research in coastal and inland waters. Thanks to projects such as NERC GloboLakes, and the subsequent EC FP7 INFORM, H2020 DANUBIUS-RI and EOMORES, we now have improved solutions for retrieving water quality components remotely over regions influenced by land. Most notably, the NERC funded GloboLakes research programme produced a satellite-based observatory for more than 1000 lakes globally, including several of the larger Scottish lakes. This fellowship will further capitalise on the knowledge generated by the GloboLakes project to transform the output of world-leading science to maximise local benefit in the UK. A large proportion of this KE fellowship will focus on advocating and integrating the use of satellite remote sensing as a data resource at SEPA and will involve regular consultation to highlight tangible benefits across a range of scientific disciplines. Having previously worked at SEPA in the Environmental and Spatial Informatics Unit, the applicant is in an advantageous position of understanding the structure of the Science and Strategy Directorate and having in place a solid network of collaborators. Here, satellite remote sensing could be exploited for several purposes; direct input into the WFD classification tool; identification of potential risk to water quality status; sampling management tool to optimise the representativeness of ground based measurements; harmful algal bloom detection for bathing water assessment; change detection for protected areas. The scope is significant and the technology currently exists, the key objective is helping the end user to realise the full potential of satellite remote sensing and providing an effective means for accessing data.

联合王国环境监管机构有法律义务（2003年《水环境和水服务（苏格兰）法》第8条、欧盟海洋战略框架指令、欧盟水框架指令）监测联合王国境内河流流域地区和领土区域的水环境状况。他们通过评估水质和水量来做到这一点。这通常是通过地面观测进行的，每年组织对数百个水体进行实地考察。这种传统的监测方法是劳动力和成本密集型的，虽然准确，结果往往是不代表（空间和时间）的完整的水环境。此外，由于对扩大空间覆盖范围的需要日益增加，现场取样的实际频率正在减少。卫星遥感可为水质监测提供补充数据来源，从而在弥补数据差距方面发挥重要作用（IOCCG，社会惠益）。该研究金旨在促进和协助利用卫星遥感改进对内陆和近岸沿海水质的监管监测。申请者将直接与环境机构合作，开发卫星遥感技术，将其作为一种可行和可持续的数据资源。该研究金最初将与苏格兰环境保护局密切合作，但一旦建立，将把知识交流活动扩大到联合王国的其他环境机构。上一代传感器的粗糙空间分辨率意味着它们甚至无法捕获英国最大的湖泊。欧洲航天局（欧空局）发射的新一代哨兵传感器克服了这一问题，这些传感器以0.01-0.3公里的空间分辨率免费提供地球图像，时间采样频率为3至5天。因此，卫星遥感现已成为用于监测和报告目的的一个可行的信息来源。这一技术进步与沿海和内陆沃茨水质研究的重大进展同时发生。得益于NERC GloboLakes等项目，以及随后的EC FP 7 INFORM、H2020 DANUBIUS-RI和EOMORES，我们现在有了更好的解决方案，可以在受陆地影响的地区远程检索水质成分。最值得注意的是，NERC资助的GloboLakes研究计划为全球1000多个湖泊建立了一个基于卫星的观测站，其中包括几个较大的苏格兰湖泊。该奖学金将进一步利用GloboLakes项目产生的知识，转化世界领先的科学成果，以最大限度地提高英国当地的利益。该KE研究金的很大一部分将侧重于在SEPA倡导和整合使用卫星遥感作为数据资源，并将涉及定期磋商，以突出跨一系列科学学科的切实利益。申请人之前曾在SEPA的环境和空间信息学部门工作，因此处于了解科学和战略局结构的有利地位，并拥有坚实的合作者网络。在这里，卫星遥感可用于几个目的：直接输入WFD分类工具;识别水质状况的潜在风险;采样管理工具，以优化地面测量的代表性;有害藻华检测用于洗澡水评估;保护区的变化检测。其范围很大，技术目前也存在，关键目标是帮助最终用户充分发挥卫星遥感的潜力，并提供一种有效的数据获取手段。