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Brazilian Experimental datasets for MUlti-Scale interactions in the critical zone under Extreme Drought (BEMUSED)

巴西极端干旱条件下关键区域多尺度相互作用实验数据集 (BEMUUSED)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/R004897/1
负责人：
Rafael Rosolem
金额：
$ 5.08万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR004897%2F1
关键词：
Brazilian Experimental datasets MUlti Scale

项目摘要

This IOF proposal, entitled "Brazilian Experimental datasets for MUlti-Scale interactions in the critical zone under Extreme Drought" (BEMUSED), is a partnership between the University of Bristol (UoB) and University of Sao Paulo (USP) [RCUK-FAPESP Lead Agency Agreement is applied]. BEMUSED recognizes that a more scale-integrated view of the role of soil moisture in the critical zone (the earth's outer layer from vegetation canopy to the soil and groundwater that sustains life) is of great importance in South America. Soil moisture is a key environmental variable of the hydrological cycle connecting the rapid changes in atmospheric conditions near the surface with slower subsurface processes. However, our understanding of key soil moisture controlling factors has been limited due to a lack of soil moisture measurements directly compatible to so-called "hyper-resolution" hydrological models. Recently, the development of new Cosmic-Ray Sensors (CRS) technology for monitoring soil moisture at unprecedented sub-kilometer scales provides the missing link between traditional point-scale sensors and large-scale satellite remote sensing products. In recent years, networks of CRS have been established worldwide but not yet for tropical hydrological studies (e.g., in South America). In addition, limited representation of key hydrological processes (including subsurface-surface interactions) in current Earth System Models poses extreme challenges for prediction and adaptation strategies. This is important for predicting extreme events such as droughts, especially in data scarce regions such as in tropical areas. The recent (2013-2014) extreme drought event that occurred in southeast Brazil severely affected water resources in the region including the Cantareira Reservoir System (one of the largest in the world) which supplies water to more than 9 million people in Sao Paulo metropolitan area. Lack of accurately representing the role of soil moisture in connecting the subsurface to surface water dynamics will continue to undermine our predictability skills, consequently providing sub-optimal information for adaptation strategies in important economic-social region in South America and globally.This opportunity is very timely because it will allow both groups to mutually exploit the hydrological model developments from our current NERC New Investigator "A MUlti-scale Soil moisture - Evapotranspiration Dynamics study" (AMUSED) project using locally available data from an experimental catchment in southeast Brazil which has recently experienced an extreme drought event. This provides a unique opportunity to further evaluate our current model developments (i.e., preferential water flow in soils, and groundwater dynamics) in a challenging tropical region. Also importantly, BEMUSED will allow the UoB to engage in knowledge and skills transfer associated with the use of CRS particularly in a tropical South America region where it has never been tested. A CRS is scheduled to be installed at the experimental catchment in 2018, hence we propose to test our CRS deployment/calibration guidelines and data processing approaches, developed under AMUSED, in tropical South America for the first time, and further engage with AMUSED's original Pathways to Impact activities in promoting knowledge transfer and dissemination of new measurement technology by offering a short-course on "Soil Moisture Measurements using Cosmic-Ray Sensors" in Brazil. Finally, a workshop will be held in Brazil to discuss on strategies for improvement of Brazil's national capability for large-scale hydrometeorological monitoring and modeling with the aim to enhance response to future hydroclimatic variability and natural hazards.

IOF的这项建议题为“巴西极端干旱下临界区多尺度相互作用的实验数据集”(Bemused)，是布里斯托尔大学(UOB)和圣保罗大学(USP)之间的合作伙伴关系[适用RCUK-FAPESP牵头机构协议]。Bemuse认识到，对土壤水分在临界区(从植被树冠到维持生命的土壤和地下水的地球外层)的作用有更全面的看法，这在南美洲非常重要。土壤湿度是水文循环中的一个关键环境变量，它将近地表大气条件的快速变化与较慢的地下过程联系起来。然而，由于缺乏与所谓的“超分辨率”水文模型直接兼容的土壤水分测量，我们对关键的土壤水分控制因素的了解一直有限。近年来，新型宇宙线传感器(CRS)技术的发展弥补了传统点尺度传感器与大型卫星遥感产品之间的缺失，可用于监测前所未有的亚千米尺度土壤水分。近年来，CRS网络已在世界各地建立，但尚未用于热带水文学研究(例如在南美洲)。此外，当前地球系统模型对关键水文过程(包括地下-地表相互作用)的描述有限，给预测和适应战略带来了极大的挑战。这对于预测干旱等极端事件很重要，特别是在数据稀缺的地区，如热带地区。最近(2013-2014年)发生在巴西东南部的极端干旱事件严重影响了该地区的水资源，包括向圣保罗大都市区900多万人供水的坎塔雷拉水库系统(世界上最大的水库系统之一)。缺乏准确地表示土壤水分在连接地下水和地表水动态中的作用将继续削弱我们的预测技能，从而为南美洲和全球重要的经济社会地区的适应战略提供次优信息。这次机会非常及时，因为它将使两个小组能够相互利用我们目前的NERC新研究人员的水文模型发展，该项目使用来自巴西东南部最近经历了极端干旱事件的试验性集水区的当地可用数据。这为在具有挑战性的热带地区进一步评估我们目前的模型发展(即土壤中的优先水流和地下水动力学)提供了一个独特的机会。同样重要的是，Bemuse将使大华大学能够从事与CRS使用相关的知识和技能转让，特别是在从未进行过测试的南美洲热带地区。我们计划于2018年在实验集水区安装CRS，因此我们建议首次在热带南美洲测试我们在HAMUED下开发的CRS部署/校准指南和数据处理方法，并通过在巴西开设“使用宇宙射线传感器测量土壤湿度”的短期课程，进一步参与HAMUED的原有路径，以影响促进知识转移和传播新测量技术的活动。最后，将在巴西举办一次讲习班，讨论改进巴西国家大规模水文气象监测和建模能力的战略，目的是加强对未来水文气候变化和自然灾害的反应。