Modelling the eco-hydraulic impacts of tidal energy projects

模拟潮汐能项目的生态水力影响

• 批准号: NE/R006733/1
• 负责人: Athanasios Angeloudis
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR006733%2F1
• 关键词: Modelling; eco; hydraulic; impacts; tidal

The UK, is legally committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 and to meeting 15% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020. Research suggests that the combined operation of tidal stream and range power schemes can exceed 12% of the UK's energy demand from a sustainable, green energy source. In comparison with other renewable resources this comes with complete predictability which means that tidal can play a vital role in meeting the nation's energy needs. At the time of writing this proposal, pilot projects for tidal stream and range based energy generation are in the advanced stages of planning and development within the UK. The first tidal stream turbines installed within a pilot array in the Pentland Firth off of Scotland have just started to generate power (7 Dec 2016), with the next phase (project Stroma) confirmed on 15 Dec 2016. For tidal range, the UK Government's "Hendry review", released on the 10th of Feb 2017, recommended that tidal lagoons (tidal range structures) can play an important role in the UK's energy mix. This provides a roadmap towards the development of the Swansea Bay lagoon, the first tidal range energy structure of this type worldwide where construction could commence in 2018, with much larger projects to follow.We are thus at a crucial stage in the development of a new tidal-based renewable energy sector where the UK currently leads the world. This project seeks to build on this strong position by providing timely research on the ecological impacts of new, larger tidal developments in a manner that supports decision making by stakeholders, including coastal engineers, financiers, policy-makers and primarily those concerned with environmental impacts. This project builds upon a strong foundation of recent work at Imperial College London that has provided the preliminary demonstration of computational methods for the representation of turbine arrays and tidal range structures within multi-scale models, as well as the optimisation of array designs and tidal plant operations to maximise power or profit, while minimising environmental impacts. Importantly this optimisation is fully coupled to the underlying tidal dynamics, so that changes to the array design and lagoon operation can feed back to the resource and vice-versa.A major hurdle for large tidal energy projects is the uncertainty associated with environmental processes such as sedimentation, water quality and fish migration. In particular, fish mortality caused by encounters with turbines has consistently been a controversial issue that developers and environmental agencies alike have had to consider and mitigate. This project seeks to develop a new methodology that considers fish migration routes in estuarine and coastal areas. It will combine state-of-the-art regional scale ocean models developed at Imperial College with routing and optimisation algorithms developed with the support of experts in fisheries and aquaculture from CEFAS.Ultimately the objective is to apply the developed tools to several real-world sites under consideration: tidal lagoons in the Bristol Channel and tidal stream arrays in the Pentland Firth. These case studies offer the opportunity to provide immediate impact on the design of the first pilot schemes, and a route to support the successful development of larger projects using a more comprehensive ecological impact assessment. This project will therefore provide high impact outcomes to strengthen the UK's leading (academic and commercial) position within the international energy community.The applicant and the wider Imperial group (as well as the academic community in general) will benefit from new ecosystem/fisheries modelling capabilities within the open source Thetis framework. CEFAS will benefit from exposure to, and training on, state-of-the-art numerical modelling tools which have the flexibility to simulate both tidal range and tidal stream coastal infrastructure developments.

英国在法律上承诺到2050年将温室气体排放量减少80%，到2020年将可再生能源占其能源的15%。研究表明，潮汐流和范围电力计划的组合操作可以超过12%的英国的能源需求，从一个可持续的，绿色能源来源。与其他可再生资源相比，潮汐能具有完全的可预测性，这意味着潮汐能在满足国家能源需求方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在撰写本提案时，英国潮汐流和基于射程的能源发电试点项目正处于规划和开发的高级阶段。安装在苏格兰彭特兰湾试验阵列内的第一台潮汐流涡轮机刚刚开始发电（2016年12月7日），下一阶段（基质项目）于2016年12月15日确认。对于潮差，英国政府于2017年2月10日发布的“亨德利评论”建议，潮汐泻湖（潮差结构）可以在英国的能源结构中发挥重要作用。这为斯旺西湾泻湖的发展提供了路线图，这是全球第一个这种类型的潮汐能结构，可以在2018年开始建设，随后还有更大的项目。因此，我们正处于发展新的潮汐可再生能源行业的关键阶段，英国目前处于世界领先地位。该项目旨在通过及时研究新的，更大的潮汐发展的生态影响，以支持利益相关者，包括沿海工程师，金融家，政策制定者和主要关注环境影响的人的决策来建立这一强大的地位。该项目建立在伦敦帝国理工学院最近工作的坚实基础上，该工作提供了多尺度模型中涡轮机阵列和潮差结构表示的计算方法的初步演示，以及阵列设计和潮汐发电厂操作的优化，以最大限度地提高功率或利润，同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响。重要的是，这种优化完全与潜在的潮汐动力学相结合，因此阵列设计和泻湖操作的变化可以反馈到资源和副资源。大型潮汐能项目的一个主要障碍是与环境过程相关的不确定性，如沉积，水质和鱼类迁移。特别是，由于遭遇涡轮机而导致的鱼类死亡一直是开发商和环境机构不得不考虑和减轻的有争议的问题。该项目旨在制定一种新的方法，考虑河口和沿海地区的鱼类洄游路线。它将结合联合收割机国家的最先进的区域规模的海洋模型在帝国理工学院开发的路由和优化算法开发的支持下，在渔业和水产养殖专家从CEFAS的最终目标是应用开发的工具，以几个现实世界的网站正在考虑：潮汐泻湖在布里斯托海峡和潮流阵列在彭特兰湾。这些案例研究提供了一个机会，可以对第一批试点计划的设计产生直接影响，并通过更全面的生态影响评估，为成功开发更大的项目提供支持。因此，该项目将提供高影响力的成果，以加强英国在国际能源界的领先地位（学术和商业）。申请人和更广泛的帝国集团（以及学术界）将受益于开源Thetis框架内的新生态系统/渔业建模能力。CEFAS将受益于最先进的数值模拟工具的使用和培训，这些工具具有模拟潮差和潮流沿海基础设施发展的灵活性。