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Bioenergy waste residues as alternatives to conventional inorganic fertilisers for sustainable food production in sub-Saharan Africa

生物能源废渣作为传统无机肥料的替代品，用于撒哈拉以南非洲的可持续粮食生产

基本信息

批准号：
NE/R005230/1
负责人：
Kirk Semple
金额：
$ 4.93万
依托单位：
Lancaster University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR005230%2F1
关键词：
Bioenergy waste residues alternatives conventional

项目摘要

Soils provide, support and regulate fundamental processes in the environment, including nutrient cycling, plant growth, andhave a strong influence on ensuring purity of the atmosphere, as well as water supply and quality. Through the delivery of these ecosystem services, vital global biodiversity and, ultimately, the sustenance of the human population is maintained. However, exploitation of soils through intensive agricultural practices such as the over application of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilisers, has resulted in their degradation and, as a result, a diminishment of soil fertility, threatening future global food security.Phosphorus is a vital, non-renewable element required for crop growth, upon which agriculture is now almost entirely dependent to maintain current levels of food production. The extraction and processing of phosphorus, is also extremely environmentally damaging, and originates from a non-renewable source for which demand is rapidly increasing with no alternative available in the volume required. The production of nitrogen fertiliser is also a highly energy intensive and unstainable process, is tied strongly to the price and availability of fossil fuels. As the global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, humanity faces an urgent need to balance an ever increasing demand for energy and natural resources, with the sustainable management of ecosystems and the vital services that they provide.A huge amount of waste is generated daily in African countries, much of which is dumped or landfilled. Zoomlion, a major waste management company in West Africa, have reported that there are high levels of organic content of waste generated in most African cities. In Ghana, for example, about 66% of the total waste generated is organic. African countries can transform their energy landscape through waste-to-energy, but there needs to be political and institutional commitment. It is encouraging to note that in recent times a lot of governments in Africa are gradually embracing the Green Growth development pathway, with some having already mainstreamed Green Economy actions in their national development plans. These steps signal great prospects for waste-to-energy development in Africa because Green Growth developmental actions foster economic, social and environmental development. The knock on from this is what to do with the residual waste streams from waste-to-energy processes including anaerobic digestate, organic residues from bioethanol production, ash from burning wood and soots from charcoal. In discussing this with scientists and policy makers from sub-Saharan Africa, it is clear that soils are vulnerable to degradation through environmental conditions (extremes of wetting and drying, leaching, erosion, loss of organic matter) and anthropogenic impacts (fertiliser and pesticide application, land use, deforestation, dumping of wastes and pollution). However, the maintenance of soil health and fertility is crucial to continued sustainable production of food, welfare of families and communities and local and national economies. A shift in emphasis to more sustainable farming systems, utilising recycled and recovered nutrient products, incorporating OM to improve soil structure and biodiversity, and improved crop-soil management for nutrient acquisition are needed. By using these bioenergy residues, soils will become more resilient to environmental impacts and will offer a sustainable alternative to expensive and finite made N and mined P fertilisers.

土壤提供、支持和调节环境中的基本过程，包括养分循环、植物生长和土壤肥力，对确保大气的纯净以及水的供应和质量有很大的影响。通过提供这些生态系统服务，维持了至关重要的全球生物多样性，并最终维持了人类的生计。然而，通过密集的农业做法，如过量施用磷肥和氮肥，对土壤的开发已导致土壤退化，从而降低土壤肥力，威胁未来的全球粮食安全。磷是作物生长所需的不可再生的重要元素，农业现在几乎完全依赖于维持目前的粮食生产水平。磷的提取和加工也对环境极具破坏性，并且来源于不可再生的来源，对该来源的需求正在迅速增加，并且在所需的量中没有可用的替代品。氮肥的生产也是一个高度能源密集和不可再生的过程，与化石燃料的价格和可用性密切相关。预计到2050年，全球人口将达到90亿，人类迫切需要在不断增长的能源和自然资源需求与生态系统及其提供的重要服务的可持续管理之间取得平衡。非洲国家每天产生大量废物，其中大部分被倾倒或填埋。中联重科是西非的一家主要废物管理公司，据报道，大多数非洲城市产生的废物中有机含量很高。例如，在加纳，产生的废物总量中约有66%是有机废物。非洲国家可以通过废物变能源来改变其能源格局，但需要有政治和体制承诺。令人鼓舞的是，近年来，非洲许多国家的政府正在逐步接受绿色增长的发展道路，有些国家已经将绿色经济行动纳入其国家发展计划的主流。这些步骤标志着非洲废物变能源发展的巨大前景，因为绿色增长发展行动促进经济、社会和环境发展。由此产生的连锁反应是如何处理废物转化为能源过程中的残余废物流，包括厌氧厌氧微生物、生物乙醇生产中的有机残留物、燃烧木材产生的灰烬和木炭产生的烟尘。在与撒哈拉以南非洲的科学家和决策者讨论这一问题时，人们清楚地看到，土壤很容易因环境条件（极端的湿润和干燥、沥滤、侵蚀、有机物流失）和人为影响（施用化肥和杀虫剂、土地使用、砍伐森林、倾倒废物和污染）而退化。然而，保持土壤健康和肥力对于持续的可持续粮食生产、家庭和社区的福利以及地方和国家经济至关重要。需要将重点转向更可持续的农业系统，利用回收和回收的营养产品，纳入有机质以改善土壤结构和生物多样性，并改善作物土壤管理以获得养分。通过使用这些生物能源残留物，土壤将变得对环境影响更具弹性，并将为昂贵且有限的氮肥和磷肥提供可持续的替代品。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Assessment of sociocultural acceptability of biogas from faecal waste as an alternative energy source in selected areas of Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

DOI：
10.1007/s10668-020-01205-y
发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
Environment, Development and Sustainability
影响因子：
0
作者：
M. Ajieh;E. Isagba;N. Ihoeghian;V. Edosa;A. Amenaghawon;C. Oshoma;N. Erhunmwunse;I. Obuekwe;I. Tongo;C. Emokaro;L. Ezemonye
通讯作者：
M. Ajieh;E. Isagba;N. Ihoeghian;V. Edosa;A. Amenaghawon;C. Oshoma;N. Erhunmwunse;I. Obuekwe;I. Tongo;C. Emokaro;L. Ezemonye

Resource Recovery from Wastes - Towards a Circular Economy

废物资源回收 - 迈向循环经济