Fire and water: predicting and mitigating water pollution risk from wildfire ash

火与水：预测和减轻野火灰烬造成的水污染风险

• 批准号: NE/R011125/1
• 负责人: Stefan Doerr
• 金额: $ 70.13万
• 依托单位: Swansea University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR011125%2F1
• 关键词: Fire; water; predicting; mitigating; pollution

Every year vegetation fires (wildfires and management burns) affect ~4% of the global vegetated land surface. This includes forests, grasslands or peatlands, which provide 60% of the water supply for the world's largest 100 cities and for 70% of for the UK's population. In England 114 km2 of uplands are affected by management burns alone and the UK Fire and Rescue Services attend to over 70,000 vegetation fires per year. Vegetation fires can have serious impacts on water quality, which, combined with the current and projected future further decline in fresh water availability and increase in fire risk in many regions around the world, has given rise to increased attention to water contamination risks from fire. The primary threat is ash left behind by fire, which can be transported very easily into water bodies by water erosion. Ash is typically rich in contaminants and its transfer into water supply catchments has led to numerous drinking-water restrictions and substantial treatments costs in recent years (e.g. for Belfast, Canberra, Denver, Fort McMurray, Sydney). In the UK, losses to the water industry from vegetation fires are estimated at £16 Mill. per year. Models are widely used by scientists and land managers to predict soil erosion or flood risks after disturbance events such as harvesting or wildfire, however, no models currently exist that allow predicting of ash transport and associated water contamination risk following fire. This gap in knowledge and resource seriously compromises the ability of land managers to anticipate water contamination risks from fire and to implement effective mitigation treatments to reduce fire risk, prevent erosion after fire and, adjust water treatment capabilities. This timely project brings together an interdisciplinary team of international experts from the UK, USA and Australia with the aim to address this critical knowledge and tools gap. Building on recent advances and proof-of-concept work in this field, we are now able to (i) obtain critical fundamental knowledge on wildfire ash transport processes and its contamination potential and, using this knowledge, to (b) develop the first end-user probabilistic model that allows predicting ash delivery and associated water contamination risk to the hydrological network. The model will be validated for key fire-prone and fire-managed land cover types that have suffered critical ash-induced water pollution events in the past (including UK uplands, US conifer forest and Australian eucalyptus forest) using the first field dataset on ash transport parameters by water erosion and an extensive dataset on potential contamination by ash obtained through this project for these key regions. To maximize the impact of the project, the web-based model will developed in collaboration with, and be made available to, users from land and catchment management sectors to support effective protection of aquatic ecosystems and drinking water supply from contamination by ash.

每年植被火灾（野火和管理烧伤）都会影响全球约 4% 的植被地表。其中包括森林、草原或泥炭地，它们为世界上最大的 100 个城市提供了 60% 的供水，为英国 70% 的人口提供了供水。在英格兰，仅管理烧伤就有 114 平方公里的高地受到影响，英国消防和救援服务机构每年要处理超过 70,000 起植被火灾。植被火灾会对水质产生严重影响，再加上当前和预计未来淡水供应量进一步下降以及世界许多地区火灾风险的增加，引起了人们对火灾造成的水污染风险的更多关注。主要威胁是火灾留下的灰烬，它很容易通过水侵蚀进入水体。火山灰通常富含污染物，近年来，火山灰转移到供水集水区导致了许多饮用水限制和高昂的处理成本（例如贝尔法斯特、堪培拉、丹佛、麦克默里堡、悉尼）。在英国，植被火灾给水工业造成的损失估计为 16 英镑。每年。科学家和土地管理者广泛使用模型来预测采伐或野火等干扰事件后的土壤侵蚀或洪水风险，但是，目前尚不存在可以预测火灾后灰烬输送和相关水污染风险的模型。这种知识和资源上的差距严重影响了土地管理者预测火灾造成的水污染风险和实施有效缓解措施以降低火灾风险、防止火灾后侵蚀以及调整水处理能力的能力。这个及时的项目汇集了来自英国、美国和澳大利亚的跨学科国际专家团队，旨在解决这一关键的知识和工具差距。基于该领域的最新进展和概念验证工作，我们现在能够 (i) 获得有关野火灰烬输送过程及其污染潜力的关键基础知识，并利用这些知识 (b) 开发第一个最终用户概率模型，该模型可以预测灰烬输送和水文网络的相关水污染风险。该模型将使用第一个关于水侵蚀引起的灰烬输送参数的现场数据集以及通过该项目为这些关键地区获得的关于灰烬潜在污染的广泛数据集，针对过去遭受过严重灰烬引起的水污染事件的关键易燃和火灾管理的土地覆盖类型（包括英国高地、美国针叶林和澳大利亚桉树林）进行验证。为了最大限度地发挥该项目的影响，基于网络的模型将与土地和流域管理部门的用户合作开发并向其提供，以支持有效保护水生生态系统和饮用水供应免受火山灰污染。

项目成果

The effect of water repellency on the short-term release of CO2 upon soil wetting

• DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114481
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Geoderma
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Carmen Sánchez-García;S. Doerr;Emilia Urbanek

Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna

• DOI: 10.1071/wf18200
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Harper, Ashleigh R.;Santin, Cristina;Perez-Fernandez, Begona
• 通讯作者: Perez-Fernandez, Begona

Soil erosion after fire in volcanic terrain: Assessment and implications for post-fire soil losses

火山地形火灾后的土壤侵蚀：火灾后土壤流失的评估和影响

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129923
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrology
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Neris J

Chemical characteristics of wildfire ash across the globe and their environmental and socio-economic implications

全球野火灰的化学特征及其环境和社会经济影响

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108065
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Environment International
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: Sánchez-García C

Environmentally persistent free radicals are ubiquitous in wildfire charcoals and remain stable for years

• DOI: 10.1038/s43247-021-00138-2
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Communications Earth & Environment
• 影响因子: 7.9
• 作者: G. Sigmund;C. Santín;Marc Pignitter;Nathalie Tepe;S. Doerr;T. Hofmann