Chronobiology of changing Arctic Sea Ecosystems (CHASE)

变化的北冰洋生态系统的时间生物学（CHASE）

• 批准号: NE/R012733/1
• 负责人: Kim Last
• 金额: $ 34.66万
• 依托单位: Scottish Association For Marine Science
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR012733%2F1
• 关键词: Chronobiology; changing; Arctic; Sea; Ecosystems

Rational: The CHASE programme will address the core objective of the NERC Changing Arctic Ocean Program by seeking to understand and predict how ecologically important species will respond to climate change. As the Arctic Ocean is warming, zooplankton such as copepods and krill are undergoing habitat range extensions polewards. This will result in exposure to new and more extreme day-length (photoperiodic) climates of the higher latitudes - known in many terrestrial species to have negative consequences on fitness. We will therefore aim to investigate the behaviour, physiology and genetic responses of copepods and krill to their natural and new photoperiodic environments. We will focus on the circadian biological clock, central in day-length measurement and in orchestrating key seasonal life-cycle events.Approach: To understand large scale ecosystem responses to climate change we need to mechanistically understand small scale individual responses of key organisms driving marine ecosystems and their functional biodiversity. High variability between individuals is an indicator for high adaptive capacity of the population to changing conditions. Due to the ecological relevance of key species their individual variability can give an indication of future ecosystem shifts. Our approach focuses on the two Arctic key zooplankton groups Calanus finmarchicus / Calanus glacialis (calanoid copepod) and Thysanoessa inermis (krill). We will: 1) characterize the Arctic light climate (spectrum, irradiance) with latitude and season; 2) determine individual copepod and krill behavioural phenotypes with latitude and season; 3) investigate photoperiod as a diapause trigger in copepods; 4) determine the metabolic status of behavioural phenotypes (identified above); 5) provide seasonal characterization of gene expression with a focus on clock mechanisms and the influence of light and; 6) provide indicator genes characteristic for specific life-cycle events, metabolic processes and environmental conditions as well as genetic timekeeping; 7) investigate the effects of light and genetic clock mechanisms on seasonal timing and how the factors may synergistically interact with other environmental and physiological factors and; 8) incorporate these data into life-cycle models to provide a wider, predictive framework for this work.We will combine a novel, but tested, approach to large scale behavioural screening of activity in copepods and krill with classical physiological investigations on fitness. Activity screening methodology adopted from Drosophila clock research will reveal diel behavioural cycles and rhythms as well as the change of these cycles/rhythms with different photoperiods. We will also use state-of-the-art genetic analyses to characterise the genetic traits of seasonal physiological changes and how light modulates circadian clock and clock related genes. Finally we will incorporate the behaviour, environment and physiological state into existing well-tested individual-based models and dynamic optimisation models to determine the predicted fitness costs of future Arctic climate change scenarios.Application and benefits: The balanced functioning of the Arctic ecosystem is reliant on the success of key zooplankton primary consumers which influence all higher trophic levels, from fish to whales. CHASE aims to understand how such key organisms function in this extreme environment and will develop the predictive tools necessary to assess how climate change will impact their populations in the future. This will be achieved through a combined sampling/experimental/modelling programe, thereby informing future scientific directions, critical in helping manage areas which are rapidly becoming more accessible to increasing resource exploitation. The project is embedded within international Arctic science networks based in the UK, Norway and Germany and will have a legacy of cooperation beyond the lifetime of the funding.

理性：CHASE计划将通过寻求了解和预测具有生态重要性的物种将如何应对气候变化来解决NERC改变北冰洋计划的核心目标。随着北冰洋变暖，桡足类和磷虾等浮游动物的栖息地范围正在向两极延伸。这将导致暴露在更高纬度的新的、更极端的日长(光周期)气候中--在许多陆地物种中，这种气候对适合性有负面影响。因此，我们将致力于研究桡足类和磷虾对其自然和新的光周期环境的行为、生理和遗传反应。我们将重点关注昼夜生物钟，这是日长测量和安排关键季节性生命周期事件的核心。方法：为了理解大规模生态系统对气候变化的响应，我们需要机械地了解驱动海洋生态系统的关键生物及其功能生物多样性的小尺度个体响应。个体之间的高度变异性是种群对不断变化的条件的高度适应能力的指标。由于关键物种的生态相关性，它们的个体变异性可以预示未来生态系统的变化。我们的方法集中在北极的两个关键浮游动物组，即Calanus finmarchicus/Calanus glcialis(Calanid桡足类)和Thysanoessa inermis(磷虾)。我们将：1)用纬度和季节来描述北极光气候(光谱、辐照度)；2)用纬度和季节来确定个体的桡足类和磷虾的行为表型；3)调查光周期作为桡足类滞育的触发因素；4)确定行为表型的代谢状态(如上所述)；5)提供基因表达的季节性特征，重点是时钟机制和光的影响；6)提供特定生活史事件、代谢过程和环境条件以及遗传计时的指示基因特征；7)研究光和遗传时钟机制对季节节律的影响，以及这些因素如何与其他环境和生理因素协同作用；8)将这些数据整合到生命周期模型中，为这项工作提供一个更广泛的预测框架。我们将结合一种新的、但经过测试的大规模行为筛选方法，对桡足类和磷虾的活动进行大规模的行为筛选，并进行关于适应性的经典生理学研究。果蝇生物钟研究采用的活动筛选方法将揭示日常行为周期和节律，以及这些周期/节律随不同光周期的变化。我们还将使用最先进的遗传分析来表征季节性生理变化的遗传特征，以及光如何调节生物钟和与生物钟相关的基因。最后，我们将把行为、环境和生理状态纳入现有经过良好测试的基于个体的模型和动态优化模型，以确定未来北极气候变化情景的预测适应成本。应用和好处：北极生态系统的平衡功能取决于关键浮游动物初级消费者的成功，这些消费者影响从鱼类到鲸鱼的所有较高营养水平。大通银行的目标是了解这些关键生物如何在这种极端环境中发挥作用，并将开发必要的预测工具，以评估气候变化未来将如何影响它们的种群。这将通过一个采样/实验/建模相结合的方案来实现，从而为未来的科学方向提供信息，这对帮助管理那些正在迅速变得更容易被越来越多的资源开采利用的地区至关重要。该项目嵌入了总部设在英国、挪威和德国的国际北极科学网络，并将在资金有效期后留下合作遗产。

项目成果

A marine zooplankton community vertically structured by light across diel to interannual timescales.

• DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0810
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Biology letters
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Hobbs L;Banas NS;Cohen JH;Cottier FR;Berge J;Varpe Ø
• 通讯作者: Varpe Ø

Animal behavior is central in shaping the realized diel light niche.

• DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03472-z
• 发表时间: 2022-06-08
• 期刊: Communications biology
• 影响因子: 5.9

Supplementary Material 1: Methods from Evidence for oscillating circadian clock genes in the copepod

补充材料 1：桡足类生物钟基因振荡的证据方法

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12576992
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Hüppe L

Supplementary Material 4. Table S2 from Evidence for oscillating circadian clock genes in the copepod

补充材料 4. 表 S2，来自桡足类生物钟振荡基因的证据

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12576980
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Hüppe L

Swimming Activity as an Indicator of Seasonal Diapause in the Copepod Calanus finmarchicus

游泳活动作为桡足类 Calanus finmarchicus 季节性滞育的指标

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.909528
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Grigor J