National Capability - Polar Expertise Supporting UK Research

英国南极调查局（BAS）是NERC世界领先的极地科学中心，致力于解决全球重要问题，帮助社会适应不断变化的世界。利用来自各种来源的资金，BAS提供跨学科的科学计划，始终专注于全球重大问题，并始终关注解决方案。BAS科学着眼于极地地区和更远的地方，以了解地球系统的过去，现在和未来，以及对社会的影响和影响。在国家能力科学单一中心（NCSS）的资助下，NERC的英国南极调查将提供一系列基础活动，为英国环境科学提供支柱。这将包括四个持续观测组合，重点关注南极洲和南大洋的关键地球系统指标。它还将确保BAS独有的四项关键能力（仪器，设施和专业知识）的可用性，这些能力对英国科学未来的成功至关重要。持续观测：SO 1- Rothera时间序列（RaTS）-在南极半岛气候迅速变暖和年际变化大的关键地点收集的一套海洋学和生物化学变量（如温度、盐度、常量营养素、叶绿素）。这些数据支持了英国和国际合作者的广泛研究。SO2-斯科舍海公海生物实验室（SCOOBIES）-测量吸收和封存二氧化碳的海洋内最大的热点在南大洋的初级生产力。这些数据提供了关于海洋吸收和锁定人类排放的二氧化碳的潜力的关键信息，并将为NERC和关于地球化学循环、气候变化、海洋酸化、海洋污染和海洋污染的国际方案提供信息。SO 3-海洋强迫冰盖变化（OFIC）-海洋热量输送的现场测量，以最快的速度-使用海洋学系泊设备和定制的雷达系统，使南极冰盖的一部分后退。这个独特的数据集记录了南极冰损失的主要驱动因素的变化，为冰盖和全球海平面预测提供信息。SO 4-空间天气观测站（SWO）-对关键站点（例如哈雷六号研究站）获得的空间天气事件进行全年观测，提高了我们对太阳到地球过程复杂链的理解。它们是评估严重太空天气事件可能影响和设计缓解指南的基础。关键能力：KC 1-冰芯获取和分析-BAS提供的独特资源为英国研究人员及其国际合作者提供了恢复和分析冰芯的能力（高达1000 m）。我们将提供可部署在世界各地的冰芯钻，并在剑桥提供最先进的实验室，能够进行各种气候和环境相关的化学、气体和稳定同位素分析。KC 2冰下访问和采样- BAS在热水钻冰方面处于世界领先地位。我们将提供硬件和专业知识，以进入世界各地的冰下环境，以及极地地区冰架下的海洋洞穴和海床。此外，我们还提供一套钻孔传感器和摄像机、水采样和井下沉积物岩心。KC 3机载地球物理- BAS将提供部署在低成本有人驾驶和自主飞机上的机载地球物理能力。该仪器套件包括重力仪，磁力计和冰穿透雷达，可以在激光雷达的支持下飞行。KC 4机载气象和大气仪器套件（MASIN）- BAS将提供一架装有大气仪器和科学专业知识的仪器飞机，准备支持赠款，合作和战略计划。

The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is NERC's world-leading hub for polar science, addressing issues of key global importance and helping society adapt to a changing world. Using funding from a variety of sources, BAS delivers science programmes across a range of disciplines, always focussing on globally significant questions, and always on solutions. BAS science looks to the polar regions and beyond to understand the Earth System, in the past, present and in the future, and the influence of and impact on society.Under National Capability Science Single Centre (NCSS) funding NERC's British Antarctic Survey will deliver a portfolio of underpinning activities that will provide a backbone for UK environmental science. This will include four portfolios of Sustained Observation focused on crucial Earth System indicators in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. It will also ensure the availability of four Key Capabilities (instruments, facilities and expertise) that are unique to BAS, and are of prime underpinning importance to the future success of UK science. Sustained Observations:SO1 - Rothera Time Series (RaTS) - An integrated suite of oceanographic and biochemistry variables (e.g. temperature, salinity, macronutrients, chlorophyll) collected at a key site of rapid climate warming and high inter-annual variability on the Antarctic Peninsula. These data sustain a wide range of research by UK and international collaborators.SO2 - Scotia Sea Open-Ocean Biological laboratories (SCOOBIES) - Measurements of the uptake and sequestration carbon dioxide by the ocean within the largest hotspot of primary productivity in the Southern Ocean. These data provide key information on the potential for the ocean to absorb and lock up human emissions of carbon dioxide, and will inform major NERC and international programmes on biogeochemical cycles, climate change, ocean acidification, and micro-plastics transport.SO3 - Ocean Forcing of Ice-sheet Change (OFIC) - In situ measurement of ocean-heat delivery to the most rapidly-retreating parts of the Antarctic ice sheet using oceanographic moorings and bespoke radar systems. This unique dataset records changes in the major driver of Antarctic ice-loss, informing ice-sheet and global sea-level projections.SO4 - Space Weather Observatory (SWO) - Year-round observation of space weather events acquired at key sites (e.g. Halley VI Research Station) improve our understanding of the complex chain of Sun-to-Earth processes. They underpin assessment of the likely impact of severe space weather events and the design of mitigation guidelines.Key Capabilities:KC1 - Ice-core acquisition and analysis - the unique resources provided by BAS provides UK researcher, and their international collaborators with the ability to recover and analyse ice cores (up to 1000 m). We will provide ice core drills for deployment around the world, and state-of-the-art laboratories in Cambridge capable of a wide range of climatologically and environmentally-relevant chemical, gas, and stable isotope analyses.KC2 Sub-glacial access and sampling - BAS leads the world in hot-water drilling through ice. We will provide the hardware and expertise to access subglacial environments around the world, and the ocean cavity and seabed beneath ice shelves in the polar regions. In addition, we provide a suite of borehole sensors and cameras, water-sampling, and down-hole sediment corers.KC3 Airborne geophysics - BAS will deliver an airborne geophysical capability deployed on low-cost piloted and autonomous aircraft. This instrument suite includes gravimeter, magnetometers, and ice-penetrating radar, which can be flown with LIDAR in support. KC4 Airborne meteorological and atmospheric instrument suite (MASIN) - BAS will deliver an instrumented aircraft with suite of atmospheric instruments and scientific expertise ready-to-support grants, collaborations, and strategic programmes.