National Capability - Polar Expertise Supporting UK Research

英国南极调查(BAS)是NERC的世界领先的极地科学中心，解决具有关键全球重要性的问题，并帮助社会适应不断变化的世界。BAS利用来自各种来源的资金，提供跨越多个学科的科学计划，始终专注于具有全球意义的问题，并始终致力于解决方案。BAS科学着眼于极地地区和更远的地方，以了解地球系统过去、现在和未来的情况，以及地球系统对社会的影响和影响。在国家能力科学单一中心(NCS)的资助下，NERC的英国南极调查将提供一系列基础活动，为英国环境科学提供支柱。这将包括以南极洲和南大洋的关键地球系统指标为重点的四个持续观测组合。它还将确保BAS独有的四项关键能力(仪器、设施和专业知识)的可用性，这些能力对英国科学未来的成功具有重要的支撑作用。持续观测：SO1-Rothera时间序列(RATS)--在南极半岛气候迅速变暖和年际变化较大的关键地点收集的一套综合海洋学和生物化学变量(如温度、盐度、常量营养素、叶绿素)。这些数据支持英国和国际合作者的广泛研究。SO2--斯科舍海开阔海洋生物实验室(Scoobies)--测量南大洋初级生产力最大热点区域内海洋对二氧化碳的吸收和封存。这些数据提供了有关海洋吸收和锁定人类二氧化碳排放的潜力的关键信息，并将为国家环境研究中心和有关生物地球化学循环、气候变化、海洋酸化和微塑料运输的国际方案提供信息。这一独特的数据集记录了南极冰川消失的主要驱动因素的变化，为冰盖和全球海平面预测提供信息。SO4-空间天气观测站(SWO)对关键地点(如哈雷六号研究站)获取的空间天气事件进行全年观测，提高了我们对复杂的日对地过程链的理解。关键能力：KC1--冰芯采集和分析--BAS提供的独特资源为英国研究人员及其国际合作者提供了回收和分析冰芯(最高达1000米)的能力。我们将为世界各地的部署提供冰芯钻探，并在剑桥提供最先进的实验室，能够进行广泛的气候和环境相关的化学、天然气和稳定同位素分析。KC2次冰川下访问和采样-BAS在通过冰进行热水钻探方面处于世界领先地位。我们将提供硬件和专业知识，以访问世界各地的冰下环境，以及极地地区的海洞和冰架下的海床。此外，我们还提供一套井下传感器和摄像机、水样和井下沉淀物仪。KC3空中地球物理-BAS将提供部署在低成本有人驾驶和自主飞机上的空中地球物理能力。这套仪器包括重力仪、磁强计和穿冰雷达，可以在激光雷达的支持下飞行。KC4机载气象和大气仪器套件(MASIN)-BAS将提供一种仪表化飞机，配备一整套大气仪器和科学专业知识，随时准备支持赠款、合作和战略计划。

The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is NERC's world-leading hub for polar science, addressing issues of key global importance and helping society adapt to a changing world. Using funding from a variety of sources, BAS delivers science programmes across a range of disciplines, always focussing on globally significant questions, and always on solutions. BAS science looks to the polar regions and beyond to understand the Earth System, in the past, present and in the future, and the influence of and impact on society.Under National Capability Science Single Centre (NCSS) funding NERC's British Antarctic Survey will deliver a portfolio of underpinning activities that will provide a backbone for UK environmental science. This will include four portfolios of Sustained Observation focused on crucial Earth System indicators in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. It will also ensure the availability of four Key Capabilities (instruments, facilities and expertise) that are unique to BAS, and are of prime underpinning importance to the future success of UK science. Sustained Observations:SO1 - Rothera Time Series (RaTS) - An integrated suite of oceanographic and biochemistry variables (e.g. temperature, salinity, macronutrients, chlorophyll) collected at a key site of rapid climate warming and high inter-annual variability on the Antarctic Peninsula. These data sustain a wide range of research by UK and international collaborators.SO2 - Scotia Sea Open-Ocean Biological laboratories (SCOOBIES) - Measurements of the uptake and sequestration carbon dioxide by the ocean within the largest hotspot of primary productivity in the Southern Ocean. These data provide key information on the potential for the ocean to absorb and lock up human emissions of carbon dioxide, and will inform major NERC and international programmes on biogeochemical cycles, climate change, ocean acidification, and micro-plastics transport.SO3 - Ocean Forcing of Ice-sheet Change (OFIC) - In situ measurement of ocean-heat delivery to the most rapidly-retreating parts of the Antarctic ice sheet using oceanographic moorings and bespoke radar systems. This unique dataset records changes in the major driver of Antarctic ice-loss, informing ice-sheet and global sea-level projections.SO4 - Space Weather Observatory (SWO) - Year-round observation of space weather events acquired at key sites (e.g. Halley VI Research Station) improve our understanding of the complex chain of Sun-to-Earth processes. They underpin assessment of the likely impact of severe space weather events and the design of mitigation guidelines.Key Capabilities:KC1 - Ice-core acquisition and analysis - the unique resources provided by BAS provides UK researcher, and their international collaborators with the ability to recover and analyse ice cores (up to 1000 m). We will provide ice core drills for deployment around the world, and state-of-the-art laboratories in Cambridge capable of a wide range of climatologically and environmentally-relevant chemical, gas, and stable isotope analyses.KC2 Sub-glacial access and sampling - BAS leads the world in hot-water drilling through ice. We will provide the hardware and expertise to access subglacial environments around the world, and the ocean cavity and seabed beneath ice shelves in the polar regions. In addition, we provide a suite of borehole sensors and cameras, water-sampling, and down-hole sediment corers.KC3 Airborne geophysics - BAS will deliver an airborne geophysical capability deployed on low-cost piloted and autonomous aircraft. This instrument suite includes gravimeter, magnetometers, and ice-penetrating radar, which can be flown with LIDAR in support. KC4 Airborne meteorological and atmospheric instrument suite (MASIN) - BAS will deliver an instrumented aircraft with suite of atmospheric instruments and scientific expertise ready-to-support grants, collaborations, and strategic programmes.