NCEO LTS-S

NCEO LTS-S

• 批准号: NE/R016518/1
• 负责人: John Remedios
• 金额: $ 766.65万
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR016518%2F1
• 关键词: NCEO; LTS

NCEO research in this programme will make use of the latest, most interesting information from satellite data in combination with state-of-the-art NERC-supported global models of principally the land, atmosphere and ocean. NCEO staff have internationally recognised skills in analysing satellite data, evaluating models and merging the data into models (data assimilation) which will enable us to take major steps forward in analysing and understanding the Earth system and feedbacks between the component domains (air, water, land and ice) within it.A primary underpinning NCEO activity is to produce high quality data sets from the latest satellite observations. We will use observations from ESA Earth Explorers, Eumetsat operational weather satellites, Copernicus Sentinels, NASA/NOAA research and operational missions and JAXA satellites. We will devise innovative algorithms to generate state-of-the-art Earth Observation (EO) data, with uncertainties, for significant variables which allow us to monitor and understand change and variability in the Earth system: vegetation change and stored carbon (biomass); fire radiative power and combustion completeness; surface reflectance and emissivity; atmospheric trace gases including CO2, CH4 and O3; aerosols, clouds and precipitation; top-of-atmosphere radiances and fluxes, surface temperatures over land and sea.These datasets are powerful when combined with models. NCEO's second underpinning activity will provide a flexible community data assimilation tool for scientists to trial different methods and EO data with important community models. Uncertainties are critical to the performance of assimilation systems and NCEO scientists will characterise these for our key models and data, making them available publically. We will also examine new non-linear methods, collaborating with the mathematics community to ensure the appropriateness of our techniques.Our assimilation methods and EO data will be employed in our three strategic Programme science areas: 1. Global and Regional Carbon Cycle (GRCC); 2. Large-scale coupling of the biosphere-atmosphere during the Anthropocene (BIOATM); 3. Diagnosing Energy and Water Exchanges in the Earth System (DEWEES). The global carbon cycle plays a central role in the Earth system but a comprehensive understanding of its current state, main drivers and sensitivities remains a key challenge in climate science. In the GRCC area we will seek to meet this challenge, exploiting the developments made in our two underpinning activities to advance understanding of: dynamic carbon pools in ocean and land ecosystems; exchanges of carbon between the surface and atmosphere; regional carbon budgets. Ultimately, we will advance our data assimilation methods towards an integrated carbon observing system that links process models and global EO data across domains. The atmosphere globally integrates spatially and temporally varying surface emissions over a wide range of time scales. Consequent atmospheric variations in affect weather, climate and air quality with feedbacks to the biosphere. In the BIOATM area we will quantify the links between the surface fluxes driving atmospheric composition, including the interactions between human and natural emissions, and assess large-scale consequences for variations and trends. Energy flows between the surface, atmosphere and space play a fundamental role in establishing the large scale circulation that drives our weather and climate, being intrinsically coupled to the water cycle via the exchange of latent heat. However, understanding how clouds, precipitation and the land surface respond to, and themselves modify, changes to the circulation is a major challenge. In the DEWEES area we will develop the first global observational framework linking the large-scale circulation, convection and land surface processes in order to meet this challenge.

NCEO在该方案中的研究将利用卫星数据中最新、最有趣的信息，并结合NERC支持的最先进的主要是陆地、大气和海洋的全球模型。NCEO的工作人员在分析卫星数据，评估模型和将数据合并到模型（数据同化）中方面具有国际公认的技能，这将使我们能够在分析和理解地球系统及其组成域（空气，水，土地和冰）之间的反馈方面取得重大进展。我们将利用欧空局地球探测器、欧洲气象卫星应用组织业务气象卫星、哥白尼哨兵、美国宇航局/诺阿研究和业务任务以及日本宇宙航空研究开发机构卫星的观测结果。我们将设计创新的算法来生成最先进的地球观测（EO）数据，具有不确定性，使我们能够监测和了解地球系统的变化和可变性：植被变化和储存的碳（生物质）;火辐射功率和燃烧完整性;表面反射率和发射率;大气痕量气体，包括CO2，CH 4和O3;气溶胶、云和降水;大气层顶部辐射和通量，陆地和海洋表面温度。这些数据集与模型结合使用时非常强大。NCEO的第二个基础活动将为科学家提供一个灵活的社区数据同化工具，以试验不同的方法和EO数据与重要的社区模型。不确定性对同化系统的性能至关重要，NCEO的科学家将为我们的关键模型和数据提供不确定性，使它们可供使用。我们还将研究新的非线性方法，与数学界合作，以确保我们的技术的适当性。我们的同化方法和EO数据将用于我们的三个战略计划科学领域：1。全球和区域碳循环（GRCC）;大规模耦合生物圈-大气在人类世（BIOATM）; 3。诊断地球系统中的能量和水交换（DEWEES）。全球碳循环在地球系统中发挥着核心作用，但全面了解其现状、主要驱动因素和敏感性仍然是气候科学的一个关键挑战。在GRCC领域，我们将努力应对这一挑战，利用我们两项基础活动的发展，促进对海洋和陆地生态系统中动态碳库的理解;地表和大气之间的碳交换;区域碳预算。最终，我们将推进我们的数据同化方法，建立一个综合的碳观测系统，将过程模型和全球EO数据跨领域联系起来。大气层在全球范围内整合了各种时间尺度上随空间和时间变化的地表排放。大气层的变化影响天气、气候和空气质量，并反馈到生物圈。在BIOATM领域，我们将量化驱动大气成分的地表通量之间的联系，包括人类和自然排放之间的相互作用，并评估变化和趋势的大规模后果。地表、大气层和太空之间的能量流动在建立驱动我们天气和气候的大规模环流方面发挥着重要作用，通过潜热交换与水循环内在地耦合在一起。然而，了解云、降水和陆地表面如何对环流的变化作出反应，以及它们自己如何改变环流是一个重大挑战。在DEWEES地区，我们将建立第一个全球观测框架，将大尺度环流、对流和陆面过程联系起来，以迎接这一挑战。

项目成果

Interruption of the Gulf Stream in 2014 caused the 2014-16 North Atlantic Cold Fresh Anomaly and reciprocal warming/ salinification of the North American coastal region

2014年墨西哥湾流中断导致2014-16年北大西洋冷新鲜异常以及北美沿海地区的相互变暖/盐化

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1731069/v1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Allan D

Amplified seasonal range in precipitation minus evaporation

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acea36
• 发表时间: 2023-09-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Allan, Richard P.

Atmospheric precursors for intense summer rainfall over the United Kingdom

• DOI: 10.1002/joc.6431
• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: International Journal of Climatology
• 作者: R. Allan;S. Blenkinsop;H. Fowler;Adrian J. Champion

Seasonal Changes in the North Atlantic Cold Anomaly: The Influence of Cold Surface Waters From Coastal Greenland and Warming Trends Associated With Variations in Subarctic Sea Ice Cover

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jc015379
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: D. Allan;R. Allan

Global-scale changes in Earth’s energy budget and implications for the water cycle

地球的全球范围变化

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1335
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Allan R