Artificial Light Impacts on Coastal Ecosystems (ALICE)

人造光对沿海生态系统的影响 (ALICE)

• 批准号: NE/S003533/1
• 负责人: Thomas Davies
• 金额: $ 82.6万
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS003533%2F1
• 关键词: Artificial; Light; Impacts; Coastal; Ecosystems

Coastlines are illuminated with artificial light at night (ALAN) from piers, promenades, ports harbours, and dockyards. Artificial sky glow created by lighting from coastal settlements can now be detected above 22% of the world's coasts nightly, and will dramatically increase as coastal human populations more than double by year 2060. Life history adaptations to the moon and sun are near ubiquitous in the upper 200m of the sea, such that cycle's and gradients of light intensity and colour are major structuring factors in marine ecosystems. The potential for ALAN to reshape the ecology of coastal habitats by interfering with natural light cycles and the biological processes they inform is increasingly recognised.Marine invertebrates are extremely sensitive to natural light throughout their life cycle. Examples include synchronised broadcast spawning in reef corals informed by moonlight cycles, zooplankton sensitivity to moonlight at >100m depth, and phototaxis of larvae under light equivalent to moonless overcast nights. The reproductive, larval and adult phases of marine invertebrates are all affected by night-time lighting of equivalent illuminances to those found in ports and harbours. Further, direct impacts on organism behaviour can indirectly affect other species in coastal food web's, changing ecosystem structure. The potential for coastal ALAN to disrupt marine organisms, species interactions, population dynamics, and organism distributions is clear.The growing use of white Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) (69% of global lighting by 2020) will exacerbate ALAN's impacts. LEDs emit more blue wavelength light that: i) penetrates deeper into seawater compared to older lighting technologies; and ii) many marine organism responses are most sensitive to. Tailoring LEDs to avoid blue wavelengths represents one mitigation option trialled on land that can be improved by investigating the spectral dependence of biological responses.ALICE will tackle fundamental gaps in our understanding of marine ecosystem responses to ALAN, by carrying out the following research: -1. Laboratory experiments to determine the impacts of ALAN on coastal organisms: Parallel experiments will quantify the impacts of ALAN interference with natural light cycles on the life history responses of marine invertebrates. These relationships will be used to model the growth rate of marine invertebrate populations exposed to different intensities of cool white LED light assuming optimal conditions with no predators or competitors.2. Laboratory experiments to determine the impact of ALAN on species interactions: The relationships between white LED light intensity, and species interactions (predation,competition and mutualism) will be simultaneously quantified during the above experiments, and used to model the impacts of ALAN on marine invertebrate populations accounting for their relationships with one another in nature.3. Mapping and modelling the distribution of ALAN in coastal marine habitats: The intensity of colour composition of ALAN in coastal waters will be mapped across three contrastingly urbanised UK estuaries. These data, and associated optical modelling, will be used with satellite data to globally map ALAN intensity from the sea surface to a depth of 100m.4. Modelling ALAN impacts on species distributions: The population models (1,2) and the ALAN distribution model (3), will allow a synthesis assessment of long term changes in species distributions that may result from ALAN impacts. 5. Quantifying the benefits of avoiding ALAN wavelengths: we will quantify the ecological benefits of: i) removing blue light form LEDs blue using optical filters; ii) replacing white, with longer wavelength Amber LEDs. In addition we will quantify the responses of marine invertebrate larvae to different colours of light, so that the design of ecologically friendly LED lighting can be better informed.

海岸线在夜间由码头、海滨长廊、港口和造船厂的人造光 (ALAN) 照亮。现在，全球 22% 以上的海岸每晚都能检测到由沿海定居点的照明产生的人造天空辉光，并且随着沿海人口数量到 2060 年增加一倍以上，这种人造天空辉光的数量将急剧增加。生活史对月球和太阳的适应在海洋上层 200m 中几乎无处不在，因此光强度和颜色的周期和梯度是海洋生态系统的主要结构因素。人们越来越认识到 ALAN 通过干扰自然光循环及其所影响的生物过程来重塑沿海栖息地生态的潜力。海洋无脊椎动物在其整个生命周期中对自然光极其敏感。例子包括月光周期通知的珊瑚礁同步广播产卵、浮游动物对>100m深度的月光的敏感性，以及相当于无月阴夜的光下幼虫的趋光性。海洋无脊椎动物的繁殖、幼虫和成体阶段都会受到与港口和海港照度相当的夜间照明的影响。此外，对生物体行为的直接影响可以间接影响沿海食物网中的其他物种，从而改变生态系统结构。沿海 ALAN 破坏海洋生物、物种相互作用、种群动态和生物分布的潜力是显而易见的。白光发光二极管 (LED) 的使用不断增加（到 2020 年占全球照明的 69%）将加剧 ALAN 的影响。 LED 发出更多蓝色波长的光，这些光： i) 与旧的照明技术相比，可以更深地渗透到海水中； ii) 许多海洋生物的反应最为敏感。定制 LED 以避免蓝色波长代表了一种在陆地上试验的缓解方案，可以通过研究生物反应的光谱依赖性来改进该方案。ALICE 将通过开展以下研究来解决我们对海洋生态系统对 ALAN 反应的理解中的根本差距：-1。确定 ALAN 对沿海生物影响的实验室实验：平行实验将量化 ALAN 对自然光周期的干扰对海洋无脊椎动物生命史反应的影响。这些关系将用于模拟暴露于不同强度的冷白 LED 光的海洋无脊椎动物种群的增长率，假设在没有捕食者或竞争对手的最佳条件下。2。确定 ALAN 对物种相互作用影响的实验室实验：白光 LED 光强度与物种相互作用（捕食、竞争和互利共生）之间的关系将在上述实验中同时量化，并用于模拟 ALAN 对海洋无脊椎动物种群的影响，解释它们在自然界中彼此之间的关系。 3.对沿海海洋生境中 ALAN 的分布进行测绘和建模：将在三个截然不同的城市化英国河口绘制沿海水域中 ALAN 颜色组成的强度。这些数据以及相关的光学模型将与卫星数据一起使用，以绘制从海面到 100m 深度的全球 ALAN 强度图4。模拟 ALAN 对物种分布的影响：种群模型 (1,2) 和 ALAN 分布模型 (3) 将允许对 ALAN 影响可能导致的物种分布的长期变化进行综合评估。 5. 量化避免使用 ALAN 波长的好处：我们将量化以下方面的生态效益： i) 使用滤光片去除 LED 蓝色中的蓝光； ii) 用波长更长的琥珀色 LED 取代白色。此外，我们还将量化海洋无脊椎动物幼虫对不同颜色光的反应，以便更好地设计生态友好的LED照明。

项目成果

Impacts of artificial light at night on the early life history of two ecosystem engineers.

夜间人造光对两名生态系统工程师早期生活史的影响。

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0363
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
• 作者: Tidau S

Supplementary Material including read me description of csvs from Impacts of artificial light at night on the early life history of two ecosystem engineers

补充材料包括从《夜间人造光对两名生态系统工程师早期生活史的影响》中读取 csv 的说明

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24147957
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Tidau S