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West Midlands Air Quality Improvement Programme

西米德兰兹空气质量改善计划

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S003487/1
负责人：
William Bloss
金额：
$ 509.76万
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS003487%2F1
关键词：
West Midlands Air Quality Improvement

项目摘要

"Poor air quality is the largest environmental risk to Public Health in the UK" [DEFRA, 2017]. Air pollution in the West Midlands affects some 2.8 million people, reducing average life expectancy by up to 6 months, and is responsible for economic costs estimated at £860m per year. Air quality is therefore a key priority for local and regional government, and increasingly the general public, with further emphasis arising from the "Diesel-gate" emissions scandal, and ongoing High Court challenges to the Government's Air Quality strategy.Historically, local air quality policy has been the responsibility of the individual Local Authorities. However, air pollution does not respect political boundaries, and the 2016 formation of the West Midlands Combined Authority will lead to an integrated approach to air pollution, under the Second Devolution Deal for the West Midlands (2017). In parallel, the NHS Sustainability Transformation Trust is bringing an integrated approach to health and social care provision - with air quality a core priority. This gives rise to a unique and timely opportunity to translate environmental science research expertise into regional policy and interventions to reduce air pollution.The University of Birmingham group has critical mass, international research expertise and NERC track record in air pollution, and its health and economic impacts. We have a history of links with regional partners, ranging from commissioned work and joint research projects to informal collaborations. Accordingly, we have developed the West Midlands Air Quality Improvement Programme (WMAQIP), through a co-design process alongside regional stakeholders including the WMCA / Mayor of the West Midlands, Local Authorities, private companies, industry sector bodies and third sector organisations, to deliver:-Situational awareness (understanding of air pollution levels and sources), e.g. applied to refinement of the Birmingham Clean Air Zone and design of future interventions in Coventry, avoiding over £5m annual costs plus benefits to visitors / commuters working in the cities.-Predictive Capability to evaluate AQ policy options, in comparison with business as usual predictions, for pollution levels, health and economic impacts - identifying interventions to achieve Birmingham City Council's goal of halving AQ-related mortality by 2030 (750 deaths/yr and £170m annual costs avoided); avoiding additional healthcare costs of £600m required under business-as-usual scenarios, and informing allocation of recurrent and one-off intra-city transport investment of £250m.-Application of the resulting capability to specific policy scenarios - including infrastructure design around the 2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games to deliver improved air quality, understanding the air quality consequences of future vehicle fleet evolution to electric vehicles, and optimising air quality co-benefits from green infrastructure for HS2 development. WMAQIP directly addresses the UK Industrial Strategy grand challenge of Clean Growth, which commits the Government to "create a future where our cities benefit from cleaner air", and the Infrastructure foundation of productivity, which identifies a determination to "tackle air pollution and support affected areas, given the significant negative impact it has on public health, the economy and the environment." WMAQIP combines NERC research expertise with direct inputs from a range of partner organisations. The programme will deliver policy impact from application of environmental science applied to specific policy priorities through a cohort of Impact Fellows, physically embedded within stakeholder organisations to provide knowledge transfer and training, and hence lasting impact. Programme legacy will be maximised by formalising capabilities as tools which may be applied elsewhere, and actions to promote their dissemination.

“糟糕的空气质量是英国公众健康面临的最大环境风险”[DEFRA, 2017]。西米德兰兹郡的空气污染影响了约280万人，平均预期寿命缩短了6个月，每年造成的经济损失估计为8.6亿英镑。因此，空气质量是地方和区域政府以及越来越多的公众的一个关键优先事项，“柴油门”排放丑闻以及高等法院对政府空气质量战略的持续挑战进一步强调了这一点。从历史上看，地方空气质量政策一直是各个地方当局的责任。然而，空气污染不尊重政治界限，2016年西米德兰兹联合管理局的成立将根据西米德兰兹第二次权力下放协议（2017年），采取综合方法解决空气污染问题。与此同时，NHS可持续转型信托基金正在为健康和社会保健提供一种综合方法，其中空气质量是核心优先事项。这为将环境科学研究专业知识转化为减少空气污染的区域政策和干预措施提供了一个独特而及时的机会。伯明翰大学的研究小组在空气污染及其健康和经济影响方面拥有临界质量、国际研究专业知识和NERC的记录。我们与区域合作伙伴有联系的历史，从委托工作和联合研究项目到非正式合作。因此，我们制定了西米德兰兹郡空气质量改善计划（WMAQIP），通过与西米德兰兹郡WMCA /市长、地方当局、私营公司、工业部门机构和第三部门组织等区域利益相关者共同设计过程，提供：-态势感知（了解空气污染水平和来源），例如应用于伯明翰清洁空气区的改进和考文垂未来干预措施的设计；每年节省超过500万英镑的成本，并为在城市工作的游客/通勤者带来好处。-评估空气质量政策选择的预测能力，与常规预测相比，对污染水平、健康和经济影响的预测能力-确定干预措施，以实现伯明翰市议会到2030年将空气质量相关死亡率减半的目标（每年750人死亡，每年避免1.7亿英镑的成本）；将由此产生的能力应用于具体的政策方案，包括围绕2022年伯明翰英联邦运动会进行基础设施设计，以改善空气质量，了解未来车队向电动汽车发展对空气质量的影响，优化空气质量，为高铁2号发展提供绿色基础设施。WMAQIP直接涉及英国工业战略清洁增长的重大挑战，该挑战要求政府“创造一个城市受益于更清洁空气的未来”，以及生产力基础设施基础，该基础设施确定了“解决空气污染并支持受影响地区的决心，因为它对公共卫生、经济和环境产生了重大负面影响”。WMAQIP将NERC的研究专长与一系列合作伙伴组织的直接投入相结合。该项目将通过一组影响研究员，将环境科学应用于具体的政策优先事项，从而产生政策影响，这些研究员实际嵌入利益相关者组织，提供知识转移和培训，从而产生持久的影响。将各项能力正式化，使之成为可应用于其他地方的工具，并采取行动促进其传播，从而最大限度地发挥方案遗产的作用。