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Mobilising Citizens for Adaptation: building local flood resilience through cooperative rainwater harvesting (MOCA)

动员公民适应：通过合作雨水收集建设当地防洪能力 (MOCA)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S016589/1
负责人：
Liz Sharp
金额：
$ 16.46万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS016589%2F1
关键词：
Mobilising Citizens Adaptation building local

项目摘要

Mobilising Citizens for Adaptation: building local flood resilience through cooperative rainwater harvesting (MOCA) explores whether and how rainwater harvesting could work to reduce flood risk. It will do this through case studies in a flood vulnerable part of England around the city of Hull. Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting rain, in a rain butt, tank or pond and using it for another purpose like flushing the loo. Rainwater harvesting is a popular means of addressing drought, particularly in countries with chronic issues of water shortage. If many nearby properties undertake rainwater harvesting, however, it could also be an effective means of preventing floods. Before our homes were built the rain that falls on our property would have soaked into the ground, or puddled and then evaporated. Now our roofs and drains mean that heavy rain flows very rapidly into the sewer. Sometimes the sewer is not big enough to cope with all the rain. If we can reduce the amount of rain on the roads and/or keep rain out of the sewer (or at least slow it down) then we might be able to prevent rain or sewers flooding homes, and sewers polluting rivers. Many UK householders own and operate 'simple' water butts, typically using collected rainwater for garden watering during summer. For a water butt to help prevent flooding, spare capacity is needed at the start of the rain. This cannot be guaranteed for a manually-emptied water butt, particularly in winter, when gardens do not need watering. 'Smart' options have been developed to address this, for example, some discharge water slowly, while some are computer controlled and release stored water ahead of forecast rain. But this creates a potential difficulty: if we are asking households and communities to take on rainwater tanks, how are they going to feel if the water in 'their' tank is released without their say-so? This question concerning 'how will the water be controlled' is just one of many issues that might concern households who could be asked to take on a rainwater harvesting tank to help protect other people in their city from flooding. Households are also likely to be concerned about the appearance of a rainwater tank, where it would be, who would pay for it, and what would happen if it went wrong. In this project we are going to work with the residents and community groups in two different areas near Hull - one richer and one poorer - but both in locations which contribute to downstream flooding problems. We will talk with households and community groups to explore whether, where and how rainwater could be stored in their neighbourhood to help prevent flooding downstream. In asking 'whether' and 'where' we would be considering whether there is space to put tanks or build ponds near their community buildings, in their open spaces or in their homes. In asking 'how' we would be exploring what sort of ponds or tanks, of what appearance, to whose cost, and under whose control. We will report our findings to the water company and local authority. If we find rainwater harvesting is feasible in the case study sub-catchments, the water company and local authority have agreed to go ahead and fit the devices according to our plan. Whether or not rainwater harvesting turns out to be feasible in these particular sub-catchments, our findings will contribute knowledge about when and how rainwater harvesting for flood prevention can fit in with people's everyday lives.

动员公民适应：通过合作雨水收集（莫卡）建立当地的洪水复原力，探讨雨水收集是否以及如何减少洪水风险。它将通过在英格兰船体市周围洪水易发地区的案例研究来做到这一点。雨水收集是收集雨水的过程，在一个雨桶，坦克或池塘，并将其用于另一个目的，如冲洗厕所。雨水收集是解决干旱的一种常用手段，特别是在长期缺水的国家。然而，如果附近的许多房产进行雨水收集，这也可能是防止洪水的有效手段。在我们的家园建成之前，福尔斯落在我们土地上的雨水会渗入地下，或者积成水坑，然后蒸发掉。现在我们的屋顶和排水沟意味着大雨会非常迅速地流入下水道。有时下水道不够大，无法科普所有的雨水。如果我们能减少道路上的雨水量和/或防止雨水进入下水道（或至少减缓雨水的速度），那么我们就能防止雨水或下水道淹没房屋，防止下水道污染河流。许多英国住户拥有并操作“简单”的水龙头，通常在夏季使用收集的雨水浇灌花园。对于一个水屁股，以帮助防止洪水，备用容量是需要在开始下雨。这不能保证一个手动排空的水屁股，特别是在冬天，当花园不需要浇水。已经开发了“智能”选项来解决这个问题，例如，一些缓慢排水，而一些是计算机控制的，并在预测降雨之前释放储存的水。但这造成了一个潜在的困难：如果我们要求家庭和社区承担雨水罐，如果他们的水箱里的水未经他们的同意就被释放，他们会有什么感觉？这个关于“如何控制水”的问题只是可能涉及家庭的许多问题之一，这些家庭可能会被要求安装雨水收集箱，以帮助保护城市中的其他人免受洪水的侵害。家庭也可能关心雨水池的外观，它会在哪里，谁会支付它，如果它出了问题会发生什么。在这个项目中，我们将与船体附近两个不同地区的居民和社区团体合作--一个较富裕，一个较贫穷--但这两个地区都是造成下游洪水问题的地区。我们将与家庭和社区团体讨论，探讨是否、在何处以及如何将雨水储存在他们的社区，以帮助防止下游洪水。在询问“是否”和“在哪里”时，我们将考虑是否有空间在他们的社区建筑物附近、在他们的空地或在他们的家中放置水箱或建造池塘。在问“如何”时，我们将探索什么样的池塘或坦克，什么外观，谁的成本，在谁的控制下。我们将向自来水公司和当地政府报告我们的调查结果。如果我们发现雨水收集在案例研究子集水区是可行的，自来水公司和地方当局已经同意继续按照我们的计划安装设备。无论雨水收集在这些特定的子集水区是否可行，我们的研究结果都将有助于了解何时以及如何将雨水收集用于防洪，以适应人们的日常生活。