Monitor for AeRosols and GAses - Fluxes of Inorganic and Organic compounds (MARGA-FIO)

气溶胶和气体监测仪 - 无机和有机化合物通量 (MARGA-FIO)

• 批准号: NE/T008733/1
• 负责人: Eiko Nemitz
• 金额: $ 30.71万
• 依托单位: UK CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT008733%2F1
• 关键词: Monitor; AeRosols; GAses; Fluxes; Inorganic

Quantifying reactive gas and aerosol fluxes is vital to improve fundamental understanding of the Earth-System under multiple biogeochemical changes. To establish the next generation of models, it is necessary that we understand the interactions between chemical species. Emerging technology now provides the means to achieve this by building the first MARGA-FIO system. MARGA-FIO stands for "Monitor for AeRosols and GAses - Fluxes of Inorganic and Organic compounds". This new facility will integrate a two-channel two-column on-line ion chromatography system built around a recently launched instrument (2060 MARGA). The facility will be globally unique in incorporating two sampling channels and two environmental enclosures, to sample at two different heights, allowing flux determination of water soluble inorganic and organic atmospheric constituents.In flux-mode, MARGA-FIO will provide high resolution (hourly) concentration profiles so that the emission into the atmosphere or deposition to the surface can be measured. The trace gases measured cover ammonia (NH3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid (HONO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and the aerosol species ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-) and sulphate (SO42-). The instrument will also have the capability to quantify fluxes of amines and organic acids (e.g. dicarboxylic acids), which will be a world first.In PM-mode, MARGA-FIO will measure online PM chemical composition at different size cut-offs (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10), in addition to the gas phase. This capability is unique as MARGA-FIO could chemically resolve >80% of the atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of PM and trace gases. Three examples of unique applications of the MARGA-FIO are:i) High resolution emission and deposition rates or "fluxes" of NH3 and HNO3, NH4+, NO3-, amines. This is important because nitrogen (N) pollution originating from agriculture (NH3) and transport/industry (nitrogen dioxide, NO2, HNO3) leads to complex atmospheric pollution impacting human health and damaging natural ecosystems. A low detection limit of MARGA-FIO will enable the study of pollutant deposition to our protected ecosystems. By measuring a range of key N compounds, the instrument will provide a holistic picture of the atmospheric impact of agriculture, transport and industry and detect where measures aimed at reducing the emission of one compound interacts with another (pollutant-swapping or co-benefits). ii) Fluxes of HCl and Cl : In recent studies of the NERC Air Pollution and Human Health research programmes in China and India, it became apparent that there is a gap in flux measurement capability for halogen species, particularly HCl and Cl- , both by UK and international research groups. High concentrations of chloride pollution are observed in Beijing and Delhi, which are associated to waste combustion processes. However, the sources and atmospheric pathways are poorly understood. MARGA-FIO would be the first instrument in the UK atmospheric research community which can quantify the fluxes of these important pollutants. It can also resolve concentration and fluxes of base cation (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) which form part of the dust that troubles ODA countries (e.g. India, East Africa). iii) Organic pollutant fluxes: One of missing components in our understanding of the atmosphere is the rate of emission and deposition of organic PM constituents and gases, such as dicarboxylic acids. MARGA-FIO would offer a global step-change in quantitative measurement of previously un-measured processes at the surface-atmosphere interface. The data would complement existing capability with on-line Aerosol Mass Spectrometry available in the UK community, delivering much needed concentrations and emission rates / deposition velocities for constraining air quality and climate models.

量化反应气体和气溶胶通量对于提高对多种生物地球化学变化下的地球系统的基本了解至关重要。为了建立下一代模型，我们有必要了解化学物质之间的相互作用。现在，新兴技术通过构建第一个 MARGA-FIO 系统提供了实现这一目标的方法。 MARGA-FIO 代表“气溶胶和气体监测器 - 无机和有机化合物通量”。该新设施将集成围绕最近推出的仪器 (2060 MARGA) 构建的两通道两柱在线离子色谱系统。该设施将是全球独一无二的，它包含两个采样通道和两个环境外壳，可以在两个不同的高度采样，从而可以测定水溶性无机和有机大气成分的通量。在通量模式下，MARGA-FIO 将提供高分辨率（每小时）浓度分布，以便可以测量排放到大气中的排放或沉积到表面的情况。测量的痕量气体涵盖氨（NH3）、盐酸（HCl）、硝酸（HNO3）、亚硝酸（HONO）、二氧化硫（SO2）以及气溶胶种类铵（NH4+）、钠（Na+）、钾（K+）、钙（Ca2+）、镁（Mg2+）、氯化物 (Cl-)、硝酸盐(NO3-)和硫酸盐(SO42-)。该仪器还将具有量化胺和有机酸（例如二羧酸）通量的能力，这将是世界首创。在 PM 模式下，除了气相之外，MARGA-FIO 还将测量不同尺寸截止值（PM1、PM2.5 和 PM10）的在线 PM 化学成分。这种能力是独一无二的，因为 MARGA-FIO 可以化学方式解决超过 80% 的大气生态系统交换 PM 和痕量气体。 MARGA-FIO 独特应用的三个示例是：i) NH3 和 HNO3、NH4+、NO3-、胺的高分辨率发射和沉积速率或“通量”。这一点很重要，因为源自农业 (NH3) 和运输/工业（二氧化氮、NO2、HNO3）的氮 (N) 污染会导致复杂的大气污染，影响人类健康并破坏自然生态系统。 MARGA-FIO 的低检测限将使研究污染物沉积到我们受保护的生态系统成为可能。通过测量一系列关键的氮化合物，该仪器将提供农业、运输和工业对大气影响的整体情况，并检测旨在减少一种化合物排放的措施与另一种化合物的相互作用（污染物交换或协同效益）。 ii) HCl 和 Cl 的通量：在最近对中国和印度的 NERC 空气污染和人类健康研究项目进行的研究中，英国和国际研究小组明显发现卤素物种（特别是 HCl 和 Cl-）的通量测量能力存在差距。北京和德里观察到高浓度的氯化物污染，这与废物燃烧过程有关。然而，人们对其来源和大气路径知之甚少。 MARGA-FIO 将成为英国大气研究界第一个可以量化这些重要污染物通量的仪器。它还可以解析碱性阳离子（钠、钾、镁、钙）的浓度和通量，这些阳离子是困扰官方发展援助国家（例如印度、东非）的灰尘的一部分。 iii) Organic pollutant fluxes: One of missing components in our understanding of the atmosphere is the rate of emission and deposition of organic PM constituents and gases, such as dicarboxylic acids. MARGA-FIO 将为先前未测量的地表-大气界面过程的定量测量提供全球性的阶跃变化。这些数据将补充英国社区提供的在线气溶胶质谱仪的现有能力，提供急需的浓度和排放率/沉积速度，以约束空气质量和气候模型。