Sources, Sinks and Solutions for Impacts of Plastics on Coastal Communities in Viet Nam

3SIP2C项目的重点是量化进入越南沿海边缘的塑料废物的类型和数量，了解这些塑料进入更广泛的环境和海洋生物的途径和目的地，以及这种塑料对水产养殖、渔业、旅游业和沿海社区等商业活动的影响。越南3260公里的海岸线横跨28个沿海省份，支持从事沿海旅游业、渔业和水产养殖业的农村生计，这些产业每年的价值超过170亿美元。这些行业本身就是塑料废物问题的推动者，但也受到这种废物的影响，以至于对民间社会和企业业绩、健康和安全构成了风险。我们的项目将专注于塑料垃圾，包括大塑料(&gt；50 mm)、宏观塑料(5-50 mm)和微型塑料(&lt；5 mm)。该项目分为五个工作包，能力建设和参与是我们提出的整个科学、政策和治理方案的统一主题。我们的工作包基于对使用三维颗粒跟踪模型将塑料运输到沿海地区的物理过程的基本理解，该模型考虑了运输过程中的季节性变化，并考虑了潮汐、海浪和淡水淹没对这些过程的影响。我们将把这一点与大规模抽样战略结合起来，旨在深入了解这些塑料的特征和数量，以及输送到沿海系统的污染物。这将与一个主要侧重于了解大型塑料对与沿海社区相关的企业和公民社会的影响和原因的一揽子工作相联系，该工作将涉及让公民收集有关通过“捞塑料”和使用App技术分发大型塑料的数据。我们深入探讨宏观和微观塑料与环境相互作用以及与生物相互作用的途径，特别是那些与渔业和水产养殖等行业相关的生物。我们将利用实验来了解这些塑料及其相关污染物如何与沿海水产养殖系统中的健康和疾病威胁有关。我们将审问解决供应链中塑料问题的现有国家和国际立法和政策，并调查政策整合方面的缺陷导致其成功实施的不足之处。最后，利用话语分析、焦点小组、圆桌讨论、游戏化和公民科学等一系列技术，我们将极大地提高人们对与塑料污染相关的问题以及减少其发生或对社会影响的有效解决方案的认识。这种接触将与地方、区域和国家各级的公民以及相关部委的管理人员和政府官员接触。这项提议是雄心勃勃的，由越南的8个研究机构和7个合作伙伴组成的多学科团队覆盖了所有海岸线地区，以及英国的华威大学。我们与更广泛的非学术组织的战略合作伙伴关系进一步加强了我们的参与、影响和交付，这些合作伙伴包括零售商(英国合作社；Sainsbury‘s)、主要海产品进口商和加工商(Labyrie Fine Foods-Lyons Seafood)、越南商业财团(IDH-越南)、越南非政府组织海洋生物、保护和社区发展中心(MCD)，以及全球非政府组织全球幽灵倡议(GGI)和全球水产养殖联盟(GAA)。这些合作伙伴提供必要的渠道、专业知识和影响转化，以实现潜在的解决方案，明显减少塑料垃圾在环境中的原因和后果。

The 3SIP2C project is focused on quantifying the types and amount of plastic waste entering the coastal margin of Vietnam, and understanding the pathways and destination of that plastic into the wider environment and marine life, and how this plastic impacts upon business activities such as aquaculture, fisheries, tourism and coastal communities. Vietnam's 3260 km coastline stretches across 28 coastal provinces and supports rural livelihoods that are engaged in coastal tourism, fisheries and aquaculture industries that are between them worth more than US$17 billion per year. These industries are themselves contributors to the plastic waste problem, but are also impacted by that waste, such that it represents a risk to civil society and business performance, health and safety. Our project will focus on plastic waste comprised of large (>50 mm), macro- (5 - 50 mm) and micro-plastics (<5 mm). The project is organised into five work packages, with Capacity Building and Engagement acting as the unifying theme throughout our proposed science, policy and governance programme. Our work packages flow from a fundamental understanding of the physical processes that transport plastics into coastal areas using 3 dimensional particle tracking models that account for seasonal changes in transport processes, and that account for the effects of tides, waves and freshwater inundation on these processes. We will couple this with a broadscale sampling strategy designed to gain insight into the characteristics and quantities of those plastics and the contaminants that are transported into the coastal system. This will be linked to a work package focused primarily on understanding the impacts and causes of large plastics on businesses and civil society associated with coastal communities, which will involve engaging citizens in collection of data on the distribution of large plastic through 'fishing for plastic' and the use of App technology. We take a deeper dive into the pathways by which macro and micro-plastics interact with the environment and interact with organisms, particularly those relevant to businesses such as fisheries and aquaculture. We will use experiments to understand how those plastics and their associated contaminants relate to health and disease threats in e.g. coastal aquaculture systems. We will interrogate the existing national and international legislations and policies that address the issue of plastics in supply chains and investigate where shortcomings in the integration of policies leads to shortfalls in their successful implementation. Finally, using a broad suite of techniques such as discourse analysis, focus groups, round-table discussions, gamification and citizen science, we will greatly increase awareness of the issues associated with plastic pollution and the effective solutions that could reduce its occurrence or its impacts on society. This engagement will interface with citizens at local, regional and national levels, and with managers and Government officials in relevant ministries. This proposal is ambitious with a multidisciplinary team from 8 research institutions and 7 partners in Vietnam covering all regions of the coastline, and HWU in the UK. Our engagement, impact and delivery are further strengthened by strategic partnerships with the wider non-academic collaborations through retailers (The Cooperative, UK; Sainsbury's), major seafood importers and processors (Labeyrie Fine Foods - Lyons Seafood) and a Vietnamese business consortium (IDH-Vietnam) and Vietnamese NGOs Centre for Marine Life, Conservation & Community Development (MCD), and global NGOs the Global Ghost Gear Initiative (GGGI) and Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA). These partners provide the necessary access, expertise and impact translation to realise potential solutions that deliver demonstrable reductions in the causes and consequences of plastic waste in the environment.