ROLE OF APPENDIX AND GALT IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY HUMAN IMMUNE REPERTOIRE
ROLE OF APPENDIX AND GALT IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY HUMAN IMMUNE REPERTOIRE
批准号:
6099079
负责人:
Rose Mage
金额:
$0.0万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
--
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
未结题
起止时间:
至
中文摘要
我们对兔子的研究表明,幼兔
英文摘要
Our studies in the rabbit have shown that the young
appendix is an important site of development of the cells destined to
produce protective antibodies. The rabbit appendix has functions
similar to those of the avian bursa of Fabricius. In the young rabbit,
there is rapid growth and expansion of B lymphocytes in the
appendix, and positive and negative selection events occur. We
believe that the cells that survive selection in the appendix seed the
peripheral lymphoid system and undergo self renewal to maintain
the primary repertoire. The data on rabbit have led us to initiate an
evaluation of the role of human appendix and GALT in
development of the human immune repertoire and mucosal
immunity. We started by asking at what age lymphoid development
is most pronounced in the human appendix. Our conclusions are
based on preliminary results of examinations 8-18 specimens by
various stainings. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of paraffin
sections of normal human appendix was first used to examine
stages of germinal center (GC) development. At 4 days, only
primary follicles were found. Lymphoid follicles appeared to
develop rapidly within the first year of life and be maintained or
gradually increased in size and number during childhood. Lymphoid
development in appendix tissue from an 8 month old child
resembled that from a 10 year old. In the samples from ages 4
months to 16 years, GC were evident with clearly defined light and
dark zones. Lymphoid follicles had begun to atrophy in the sample
from a 16 year old. No follicles were evident in one specimen from
a 25-year-old. It appears that follicles begin to diminish in size and
number during the teen years. The distribution of cells bearing
common B and T cell markers at various ages was investigated by
staining paraffin sections for IgM, IgD and IgA positive B cells and
plasma cells and for CD4 and CD8 positive T cells. In a sample
from a 4-day-old child, plasma cells (PC) were absent, anti-IgM
stained most follicular cells whereas anti-IgD stained cells
irregularly within the follicle and anti-IgA did not stain. Ig staining
patterns were similar in the samples from 4 months to 16 years: GC
were IgM+, mantle zones were IgD+, and GC light zones were
weakly IgA+. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were found mainly in the T
cell areas bordering the GC. Numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells
varied greatly between GC from the same donor although T cells
were found in the follicles from the earliest age examined. Do GC
of the human appendix undergo the developmental changes seen in
the rabbit appendix which are suggestive of transformation from a
primary to secondary lymphoid organ? The distributions of B cells
expressing IgM, IgD and IgA, and of T cells bearing CD4 appear
similar throughout development as long as GC are present. It is
uncertain whether this holds true for CD8+ cells. Double staining
for possible double-positive cells is necessary and is in progress.
Our finding of CD4 T cells in the germinal centers of developing
human appendix suggests that it may function as a secondary
lymphoid organ but does not exclude the possibility that it may also
play a role as a primary lymphoid organ. The human appendix
shares some characteristics of a "mammalian bursa equivalent"; the
morphology of its follicles and the fact that the GC involute with
age (Dasso et al., 1998 and ms in preparation).
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RABBIT ALLOTYPES--STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION AND REGULATED EXPRESSION OF IG GENES
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批准号:6098890
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$0.0万
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财政年份:--
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负责人:Rose Mage
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依托单位:
IG GENETICS--ONTOGENY AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CELLS OF THE RABBIT IMMUNE SYSTEM
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批准号:6098863
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$0.0万
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财政年份:--
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负责人:Rose Mage
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依托单位:
海外基金