Unlocking the C and N budget of the Earth

解锁地球的碳和氮预算

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/V010905/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 3.18万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2021 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Earth's carbon and nitrogen cycles, which on short timescales involve all life, the oceans, and the atmosphere, are ultimately rooted in Earth's deep mantle. The release of carbon and nitrogen from Earth's mantle occurrs through volcanism, and their return to the mantle occurs through subduction. Over our planet's history these cycles have built a nitrogen-rich atmosphere, and sustained the carbon cycle. Although we have abundant carbon and nitrogen at Earth's surface, vastly more may reside in its mantle. Understanding the habitability of Earth's surface environment therefore lies in understanding volatiles in the deep Earth.In this proposal we will study magmas from two ocean island locations, Iceland and the Canary Islands. The mantle beneath these islands is known to represent both ancient deep portions of Earth's interior and subduction recycled material. Our new observations of these magmas will allow us to address three questions central to understanding carbon and nitrogen cycles on the Earth:1. How much carbon and nitrogen does Earth contain?A huge community effort over the last decade has improved our picture of carbon abundances in the shallow mantle. A key innovation has been the analysis of carbon abundances in magmas at small spatial scales. These 'microanalytical' methods allow pockets of magma trapped inside growing crystals, melt inclusions, to be analysed. Melt inclusions preserve information from earlier in a magma's life, before all carbon and nitrogen are lost to a gas phase, and before magma mixing destroys variability. From microanalytical studies we now have an unparalleled picture of carbon's abundance in the shallow mantle, but we know far less about its abundance in the deep mantle, whilst for nitrogen, the microanalytical revolution is still in its early stages. Consequently, the deep mantle may contain three or more times the carbon content of all shallower reservoirs combined, whereas for nitrogen the deep mantle may be an even greater reservoir; but we cannot yet be certain. Our preliminary work has shown that magmas from Iceland with deep mantle chemical signatures, contain melt inclusions with exceptional relative-enrichment in carbon. In this project we will use these carbon-enriched inclusions to identify if they have corresponding enrichments in nitrogen, enabling improved constraints on deep mantle volatile budgets. 2. Does subduction return atmospheric carbon and nitrogen to the mantle?Earth's climate is regulated by the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by rock weathering. The product of weathering is carbonate sediments, the utility of which as a carbon sink depends on their longevity. If carbonate sediments were subducted back into the mantle that would represent near-permanent carbon storage. However, whether atmospheric carbon can be returned to the mantle depends on how it behaves during subduction, with estimates ranging from all atmospheric carbon being subducted every thirty thousand years, to every three hundred million years. In this project we will investigate the recycling efficiency of carbon and nitrogen by reconstructing their abundances in magmas sampling subduction recycled material.3. Where in the solar system did Earth's carbon and nitrogen come from?Estimates of Earth's carbon and nitrogen inventory and carbon isotope composition allow its comparison to solar system sources of these volatiles. These comparisons suggest Earth is compositionally anomalous compared to most plausible solar system sources of its volatile elements. We will use our improved abundance estimates of these elements in the deep mantle and our carbon isotope measurements of deep mantle carbon to understand what solar system source provided the growing Earth with carbon and nitrogen.
地球的碳和氮循环,在短时间尺度上涉及所有生命,海洋和大气,最终植根于地球的地幔深处。碳和氮从地幔的释放是通过火山活动发生的,它们通过俯冲作用返回地幔。在我们星球的历史上,这些循环建立了一个富氮的大气层,并维持了碳循环。虽然我们在地球表面有丰富的碳和氮,但更多的可能存在于地幔中。因此,了解地球表面环境的可居住性就在于了解地球深处的挥发物。在本提案中,我们将研究冰岛和加那利群岛两个海洋岛屿的岩浆。这些岛屿下面的地幔被认为是地球内部古老的深部和俯冲再循环的物质。我们对这些岩浆的新观察将使我们能够解决三个核心问题,以了解地球上的碳和氮循环:1。地球含有多少碳和氮?在过去的十年里,一个巨大的社区努力改善了我们对浅地幔中碳丰度的了解。一个关键的创新是在小的空间尺度上分析岩浆中的碳丰度。这些“微量分析”方法允许分析被困在不断生长的晶体(熔融包裹体)中的岩浆袋。熔融包裹体保存了岩浆生命早期的信息,在所有的碳和氮都变成气相之前,在岩浆混合破坏可变性之前。通过微分析研究,我们现在对浅地幔中碳的丰度有了无与伦比的了解,但我们对深地幔中碳的丰度知之甚少,而对于氮,微分析革命仍处于早期阶段。因此,深层地幔中的碳含量可能是所有浅层储层中碳含量总和的三倍或更多,而对于氮,深层地幔可能是更大的储层;但我们还不能确定。我们的初步工作表明,来自冰岛的岩浆具有深地幔的化学特征,含有异常相对富集碳的熔融包裹体。在这个项目中,我们将使用这些富含碳的包裹体来确定它们是否具有相应的氮富集,从而改善对深部地幔挥发性预算的限制。2.俯冲作用是否将大气中的碳和氮返回到地幔?地球的气候是通过岩石风化作用从大气中去除二氧化碳来调节的。风化的产物是碳酸盐沉积物,其作为碳汇的效用取决于其寿命。如果碳酸盐沉积物俯冲回地幔,这将代表近乎永久的碳储存。然而,大气中的碳是否能够返回到地幔取决于它在俯冲过程中的行为,估计从每三万年到每三亿年,所有大气中的碳都会被俯冲。在本计画中,我们将借由重建岩浆样品中碳与氮的丰度,来探讨碳与氮的循环效率.太阳系中的碳和氮来自哪里?对地球的碳和氮存量以及碳同位素组成的估计使其能够与这些挥发物的太阳系来源进行比较。这些比较表明,与大多数可能的太阳系挥发性元素来源相比,地球的成分异常。我们将利用我们对深地幔中这些元素的改进丰度估计和我们对深地幔碳的碳同位素测量来了解太阳系是什么来源为不断增长的地球提供了碳和氮。

项目成果

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Margaret Hartley其他文献

Margaret Hartley的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Margaret Hartley', 18)}}的其他基金

Magmatic volatiles in the fourth dimension
第四维度的岩浆挥发物
  • 批准号:
    NE/X013642/1
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.18万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
How did primordial and recycled geochemical signatures come to coexist in the Earth's deep mantle?
原始和再生的地球化学特征是如何在地幔深处共存的?
  • 批准号:
    NE/P002331/1
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.18万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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